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Religions of the World - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Begins in the 6th century when Buddha is born into a family in Nepal.
        
        Isolated to ensure his place as a world ruler.
        
        Witnessed old age, sickness, death, and religion when he left the palace.
        
        Begins the quest of searching for the key to enlightenment
        
        Discovers meditation techniques while in Asia and discovers the answers to his quest.
        
        Given the name "Buddha" which means the enlightened one.
        
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  - - - Eightfold Path - leads to nirvana
        
        The don't believe in "Gods" but more-of just "enlightened" people of society.
        
        Why is the eightfold path called the middle way?
        
        Because it is the middle way between desires and self-denial. It is the direction away from wrong and directs you to enlightenment.
      - This connects to beliefs and religion because Buddhists follow these guidelines to achieve their final peace. These guidelines are specific to Buddhism and are worshipped by them.
      - .
        
        End all desires to end all suffering.
        
        The cause of suffering is the selfish desire for temporary pleasure.
        
        Be enlightened to overcome desires.
        
        Life is filled with suffering and sorrow.
  - - - Why would Buddhism appeal to laborers and craftspeople?
        
        Because the caste system relies on Gods, wealth, and reincarnation to make you "worthy" and born into a "good" society, which means there is a lot of hate on the working, blue collar, class. However, Buddhism doesn't rely on those things and actually ENCOURAGES poverty, leaving opportunity for the working class to feel worthy.
      - Attracts laborers and craftspeople
      - What is the caste system?
        
        Caste System
  - - - Later spreads to Central Asia by trade routes to China.
      - Surprisingingly never takes off in India
    - - There was a gradual disappearance of Buddhism in India shortly after it was created.
        
        One theory is that Hinduism took over. Buddha was identified as the God of Vishnu as one of 10 incarnations by Hindus.
      - Some places still visited today by Buddhist include: Buddha's birthing place, Kapilavastu, Buddha's first sermon sight, Varanasi, and the stupas (mounds).
  - - - Breaks apart into 3 main categories.
        
        Mahayana
        
        Contrary of Theravada, this method encourages helping one another find enlightenment and nirvana. They use writings from post-Buddha times and do not believe that you have to be a monk to attain nirvana. This group created people called "bodhisattvas" which are people who provide help and have found enlightenment but not nirvana, and sometimes they are worshipped.
        
        Tibetan
        
        This way is very similar to Mahayana. The main difference is that they believe that they can use special techniques to harness certain spiritual energy and achieve nirvana in just one lifetime.
        
        Theravada - "Way of the Elders"
        
        This is the oldest way of Buddhism. It is based on the Pali Canon writings. They believe that the best way to reach nirvana is becoming a monk and meditating. This method is much more individual-based.
        
        Which type of Buddhism is most popular today?
        
        Mahayana Buddhism is believed to be the most common type of Buddhism today, with some people believing nearly 50% of all Buddhists fall into this category.
        
        Buddhism Types
  - - - With trade, Buddhism was brought to Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, and Sumatra.
        
        Buddhism followed the "Silk Roads" to China, then to Korea, then to Japan.
        
        With trade spreading the idea of Buddhism, new forms of it emerged. For example; Zen is a form of Mahayana discipline.
    - - As people would travel along the trade routes, they were exchanging more than just objects. People traded concepts, ideas, news, and religion. Trade was really the only way people communicated with others from different places, so when Buddhism emerged, people started talking and from there, it spread.
- - - - Jesus is born sometime between 4 AD and 6 AD
        
        Jesus begins his teachings at age 30
        
        Teachings include much of Jewish beliefs
        
        He taught the importance of loving God, your friends, your enemies, and yourself
        
        He taught that God would end evil on Earth and create a kingdom (Heaven) for people to live in after death
        
        He ignored people's wealth or status, which allowed everyone to be touched by his message
        
        "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth"
        
        12 men called the apostles write the Gospels, telling about Jesus' life
        
        The Gospel tells that Jesus appeared to the apostles after his death
        
        Jesus triumphing over death strengthened his followers beliefs, who continued to spread the messages of Jesus
        
        A new religion called Christianity was formed based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
        
        The Gospel, combined with Paul's Epistles and other documents became the New Testament
        
        The old Hebrew Bible was renamed the Old Testament
        
        One notable apostle was a man by the name of Paul
        
        Paul originally was an enemy of Christianity, but became an apostle after having a vision of Christ
        
        So what makes Paul so important for the spread of Christianity?
        
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        Why didn't the Romans like Jesus?
        
        Jesus was known as the Messiah, the one that would save the Jews from Roman rule
        
        The Roman governor claimed that Jesus was defying Roman authority
        
        Jesus was sentenced to be crucified
        
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        The word "messiah" in greek is "Christos"
        
        This is where the term Christianity and the name Jesus Christ originated from
- - - - Identity
        
        The Israelites had monotheistic beliefs that were very unique. They prayed only to God unlike other groups who had multiple God like Idols. Their identity came from God because he had power over everyone but was not a physical being
        
        They obeyed God in return for protection and a good life. This kept them worshipping and practicing the values of our holy father. They had a mutual promise called a covenant with God.
        
        The father of the israelites was Abraham, a man chosen by God to lead them. Abraham was a shepherd who lived in Ur before leading the israelites to Canaan.
      - Change
        
        First they were called "Jews" and then later on they became the "israelites".
        
        The israelites were given places of honor in the Egyptian kingdom. Later, they were forced into slavery. They fled Egypt between 1300 and 1200 BC.
        
        The Torah says the man who led the israelites out of slavery was Moses. At that time the Egyption pharaoh ordered all male babies to be killed, so god commanded him to lead the israelites out of Egypt.
        
        Moses had two stone tablets, which god gave had written the commandments on. The commandments that Moses had delivered to his people became the basis for cicvil and religious laws of judaism.
        
        The Israelites traveled for 40 years in the Sinai desert. After the death of Moses, they returned to Canaan. They then made a change from nomadic, tribal society to settled herders, farmers, and city dwellers.
        
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        After they returned to Canaan, they then made a change from nomadic, tribal society to settled herders, farmers, and city dwellers.
      - What advantages were there from Cannan's position on the crossroads?
        
        good trading spot, big influence on Western culture. It also expanded Judaism.
        
        https://quizlet.com/29498582/religion-questions-flash-cards/
        
        In what ways were the Torah and the Vedas similar?
        
        They both had sacred literature, they teach things, and they both talk about prayers.
        
        https://quizlet.com/29498582/religion-questions-flash-cards/
- - - - Vedas were memorized and passed down orally, from teacher to student, one generation to the next.
        
        Between 750-550 BC , Hindu teachers try to interpret and explain the meanings of the Vedic Hymns. These comments are written down to form the Upanishads
        
        6 B.C.- Jianism a religion that developed out of Hinduism is founded by Mahavaria
        
        There are about 5 million Jains living mainly in India today. They preach tolerance of all religions and have made few efforts to convert followers of other faiths.
        
        There are about one billion people practicing Hinduism today. Most in South and Southeast Asia.
        
        What is the difference between Jainism and Hindusim?
        
        Unilke the HIndus, Jains believe rituals are unnecessary and encourage fasting and minimal worldly possessions.
        
        Jains belive all living creatures have soles so avoid harming any living creatures from people to insects.
        
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        Who wrote the Vedas?
        
        They have no human author, many Hindus are believed to have transcended time
        
        What are the vedas?
        
        The Vedas are four collections of prayers, hymns and instructions for performing rituals and further divided into the types of text it included.
        
        Samhitas - benedictions, prayers, mantras
        
        Upanishads – philosophical narratives and dialogues. These are the best known and most read.
        
        Brahmanas - commentaries on said rituals
        
        Aranyakas--rituals, observances
    - - Goal is to achieve moksha (perfect understanding of all living things).
        
        Religion is viewed as a way of liberating the soul from the illusions and disappointments and mistakes of everyday existence
        
        The understanding does not come in one lifetime, so thru reincarnation the soul or spirit is born again and again until moksha is achieved.
        
        Karma carries over from one lifetime to the next and is reinforced in the caste system.
        
        Good Karma brought good fortune and bad karma resulted in bad fortune.
        
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        What is the caste system?
        
        The appropriate term for the social groupings of the Hindu caste system is “Varna.” Each Varna has an associated occupation deemed most appropriate. The Brahmins – the top caste – are to be the priests and academic leaders, and the Kshatriyas are assigned as warriors and politicians. The Vaishyas are to be merchants and farmers, and the Shudras are the servants and unskilled laborers.
        
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        The teacher distinguished between atman, the individual soul of a living being, and Brahman the world soul that contains and unites all atmans.
        
        Brahman had personalities of 3 gods: Brahma, the creator; Vishnu the protector, and Shiva the destroyer.
  - - - Hindus desire to make a pilgrimage to a holy location-often Ganges River. Believing the water flows from the feet of Vishnu and the head of Shiva, they feel they feel they will be purified and have their bad karma removed by bathing in the Ganges.
        
        Worship can take place anywhere from a large elaborate temple, small village shrine, or at home.
        
        In the temple the priest or spiritual leader reads portions of the vedas to worshippers and may bring the image of a god out from the temple
        
        At home the individual may offer drink or gifts to a god, say special prayers meditate or silently reflect upon the world
        
        Hindus practice yoga to help focus on their mind and body to aid in meditation to help achieve moksha