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Religions - Coggle Diagram

- - - - How do Hinduism and Jainism encourage moral conduct?
        
        They use Karma to encourage those who believe. If you do bad, then your next life will start off bad.
        
        Jainism
        
        Mahavira
        
        Believed that all things with souls should not be harmed
        
        Religious Practices
        
        Jain monks carried nonviolence doctrines
        
        Worked to avoid theft, greed, gossip
        
        Most would give up everything they owned
        
        Beliefs
        
        Rituals were unnecessary
        
        Lifestyles
        
        Vegitarian
        
        Jains would sometimes wear gauze masks to prevent breathing in insects
        
        Most worked in trade to prevent animal harm
        
        Periodical fasting
        
        Lived outdoors
      - They believe in Karma, your next life depends on how you do in the present.
    - - Reincarnation
        
        "Karma" Whether good or bad, things would happen based on how you did before in past life
        
        Good past life=Brahmin/Merchant
        
        Bad past life=Laborer
        
        Brahman
        
        Moksha (Released)
        
        In order to achieve Moksha you had to take one of the three paths
        
        The Right Thinking Path
        
        The Right Action Path
        
        The Religious Devotion Path
        
        Atman
    - - Triumverate
        
        Vishnu
        
        Deity of Preservation and protection
        
        Shiva
        
        Deity of Destruction
        
        Brahma
        
        Deity of Creation
      - Ganesha
        
        Deity of Wisdom
      - Devi
        
        Deity of Dawn/ Mother Goddess
  - - - Diwali
        
        Also known as the Light Festival, Diwali is the celebration of light overcoming the darkness.
        
        Hindus celebrate the 5 day holiday by setting out clay lamps, dancing, feasts, and fireworks.
        
        The story behind Diwali is that, after defeating Ravana the demon king, Lord Rama and Devi were able to live in their homeland.
        
        More info about Diwali
  - - - Religious chants
      - Where did the Vedas come from?
        
        They are believed to be created by Brahma, and they define the truths for the Hindus to live by.
  - - - Priests read portions of Vedas to crowds gathered in each temple
        
        Some journey to other sacred temples to learn more about their religion
        
        Ganges River
      - Image of their god is brought before the people
        
        Pray/Meditate as a group
      - Most Famous Temples
    - - Offer food or drink to a god
      - Pray or Meditate
        
        Yoga
- - - - Judaism
      - Jesus' teachings were recorded by the 12 apostles
        
        12 apostles
        
        Apostle Names
        
        Paul
        
        Why was the apostle Paul so important to the spread of Christianity?
        
        Paul was a great example of how you can go from being completely against Christianity to the complete opposite so people joined because of him
        
        Christianity was helped by the Paxa Romania to spread to different parts of the world
        
        When the Paxa Romania (Roman Peace of Ideas) Crumbled so did the welcoming of Christianity
        
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        Pax Romana
        
        Created New Testament and the Gospels
        
        Jesus Traveled to Rome and the crowds that gathered greeted him as the messiah/king
        
        How were Jesus’ teachings at odds with Roman values and religious ideas?
        
        He was greeted just like the Kings and other higher powers were and he was leading people away from the Roman religions
        
        Why did the Romans feel threatened
        
        Because he gathered so many followers they didn't want him to take over, he questioned their authority
        
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        Because of the power Jesus had even with the people, he was arrested by Pontius Pilate and crucified
        
        He rose from the dead three days later starting the holiday of Easter
  - - - Believe in going to church on Sundays
        
        Believe that Jesus died on the cross and rose three days later, a holiday known as Easter
        
        Believe in eternal life after death
    - - Embrace ALL people
        
        Give hope to the powerless
        
        Offered a personal relationship with a loving God
  - - - Jesus and Peter
        
        1st century
      - Lutheranism/Protestantism
        
        Martin Luther
        
        1517
        
        Swiss reformed Church
        
        Zwingli
        
        1523
        
        Mennonites
        
        N/A
        
        1525
        
        Anglican Communion
        
        Calvinism
        
        Presbyterianism
        
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        John Calvin
        
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        King Henry 8th
        
        1534
      - Why do you think church leaders could not agree about the new religion?
        
        The rules were somewhat strict and new ideas were heavily thought over before changing.
        
        They then tried developing a set structure for the church and it was wrote by the council of Nicea and called the Nicene creed
        
        Explain how establishing a church structure helped Christianity spread?
        
        With a structure set, it was easy for it to spread because all of the rules weren't in question. Also people liked the tradition.
        
        When people did want to change the rules they branched off of Catholicism and created other churches on the timeline below
        
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- - - - Buddha
        
        "The Enlightened One"
      - Seeked Enlightenment
      - Born from a Noble Family
        
        If he stayed inside he would become a great leader
        
        If he left he would become a spiritual leader
        
        Left house at 29 and ventured 4 times
        
        Saw an old man
        
        Saw a sick man
        
        Saw a corpse
        
        Saw a holy man
        
        Decided to study
        
        Find out religious truths and to end suffering
        
        Left after hearing of his son's birth
        
        Walked for 6 years to see "enlightenment"
        
        "Enlightenment" = Wisdom
        
        Fasted
        
        49 days of meditation
        
        Figured out why people were suffering
  - - - Gained an influence in Northeast India
        
        Where Aryans had the least influence
        
        Buddhism never got much traction
        
        Hinduism simply absorbed Buddhism
        
        The two religions constantly absorbed each other
        
        Buddha was considered by Hindu as one of the 10 incarnations of the god Visha
        
        Felt no need to convert if they were already so similar
      - Nuns and monks wandered through India spreading beliefs
        
        Raining season went to the hills to find caves for shelter
        
        The caves were turned into monasteries
        
        Monasteries seperated by gender
        
        Nalanda developed into an university
        
        Attracted non-buddhists
        
        Spread Buddha's faith all over Asia
        
        Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia in the 3rd century
      - Considered an important place of pilgrims
        
        Kapilavastu
        
        Fig tree near Gaya
        
        first sermon near Varanasi
        
        Important Rituals
        
        Buddhist's visit stupas
        
        "stupas" - sacred mounds
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJsLHcL3Bvs
        
        Life face down as a sign of humility
        
        Leave flowers
        
        Circle around sacred objects or sanctuary
    - - Traders played a bigger role
        
        Why is there a link between trade and religion?
        
        Religion as well as trade followed the Silk Roads
        
        This allowed them to spread to other countries in Asia
        
        This allowed it to change and develope
        
        https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/religion/buddhism/buddhism_silkroad.html#:~:text=Buddhism%20spread%20across%20Asia%20through,%2C%20Central%20Asia%2C%20and%20China.&text=Anonymous%20foreign%20monks%20who%20traveled,Buddhism%20at%20sub%2Delite%20levels.
    - - Feared that women's presence would distract men from there religious duties
        
        Buddhist women had separate monasteries
  - - - Laid out 4 basic ideas
        
        Life is filled with suffering and sorrow
        
        The cause of all suffering is people's desire for the temporary pleasures of the world
        
        The way to end all suffering is to end all desires
        
        The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path
        
        Eightfold Path was like a staircase
        
        Those who wanted enlightenment needed to do it one step at a time
        
        Also called the Middle Way between desires and self-denial
        
        Why is the eightfold path called the middle way?
        
        The notion of the middle way refers to the Buddha's resistance to unconditionally accept any extreme ways of practice or theoretical viewpoints
        
        Most often, mastery would occur over many lifetimes
        
        By following this you could reach Nirvana
        
        The Buddha's word for release from selfishness and pain
      - First monks admitted to Sangha
        
        "sangha" is Buddhism's first religious order
        
        Community
        
        Was considered a religions community
        
        Only included nuns and monks
        
        However, the term now means an entire religious community
        
        Included Buddhist Laity
        
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        3 Jewels of Buddhism
        
        The community
        
        Buddha
        
        the dharma
    - - Reincarnation
        
        Accepted Cyclical
        
        A repetitive view of history where the world is created and destroyed over and over again
        
        https://www.artpapers.org/cyclical-time-the-trap/#:~:text=The%20perception%20of%20time%20as,oneself%20from%20this%20repetitive%20cycle.
      - Rejected the God's of hinduism
        
        Instead taught enlightenment
      - Rejected against the privileges of the Brahmin priests
        
        Rejected Caste system
        
        This rejection made many of Buddha's earlier followers to be laborers and craftspeople
        
        Why would Buddhism appeal to laborers and craftspeople?
        
        Buddha rejected the Caste System (laborers/crafts people = bottom)
        
        No longer slave like people because of social order
        
        https://asiasociety.org/education/jati-caste-system-india
      - Moksha and nirvana are very similar
      - https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=3226082d0b24466dbdf4ecd823676329
    - - "Vow" - A solemn promise
      - Live a life of poverty
      - Be non-violent
      - Not to marry
    - - Teaching's were written shortly after his death
        
        Sacred literature
        
        Commentaries
        
        Rules about monastic life
        
        Manuals on how to meditate
        
        Legends about Jatakas
        
        "Jatakas" - Buddha's previous reincarnation
        
        Written in the first century BCE
      - Divisions
        
        Theravada
        
        "Way of the Elders"
        
        Oldest tradition based on the Pali Canon
        
        "Pali Canon" - oldest Buddhist documents and were written in Pali
        
        Best way to reach Nirvana
        
        Meditation
        
        Each person finds their own path
        
        Those who don't become nuns or monks provide food
        
        Mahayana
        
        Teaches that people can help each other to find enlightenment
        
        Includes texts that were written after Buddha's lifetime
        
        Don't have to be a monk or a nun to reach Nirvana
        
        Anyone can do it with some help
        
        Help is provided by Bodhisattvas
        
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        Tibetan
        
        Shares teachings with Mahayana
        
        Special techniques to achieve Nirvana
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPgnlHhRIFk
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCA6ioTLw-Q
- - - - Believe in 1 God
        
        No other Gods
        
        Each Jewish person has a personal & individual relationship
        
        God still works, affecting everything that happens in the world
        
        Covenant Relationship
        
        God does good deeds
        
        In exchange for God to continue to do good things, they obey his laws & bring holiness into every aspect of life.
        
        How might their monotheism have caused problems for the Israelites?
        
        The Israelites were the only monotheistic group of people at that time
        
        The Israelites would be told they are wrong for only 1 God, leading to many issues with loyalty and dedication to God
        
        The Golden Calf
        
        Disciples of Baal
        
        People wouldn't join the Jews, since only one god was incomprehensible, people wouldn't join, they would only leave Judaism.
        
        God cannot be subdivided, unlike the Christian God
        
        Judaistic Beliefs
    - - Believe they are examples of holiness & ethical behavior
      - Prayer books use "We" and "Our" rather than "I" and "Mine"
      - Religious life is based around family & home
      - Jewish people around the world are very closely bonded
      - How would you compare the roles of judges and prophets in Israelite society?
        
        They held the same role, as judges hold the place of the law, and prophets held the place of God
    - - When a Jewish boy turns 8 days old, he is circumcised, according to Abraham's law
      - Every Friday night to Saturday night nothing happens, due to the it being the Sabbath, the holy day that is a gift from God
      - Everything that Jews do can become an act of worship, since everything they do s to uphold the covenant with God.
  - - - The law of God, given to Moses, it also is the first 5 books of the Bible
        
        In what ways were the Torah and the Vedas similar?
        
        Both the Vedas & the Torah are the living aspect of each individual god
        
        Torah vs Vedas
        
        Both have very specific rituals for praising or asking their God/s
  - - - East of Egypt
      - West of Assyria
      - West of Babylonia
      - What advantages were there from Canaan’s position as a cultural crossroads?
        
        Canaan sees all of the technology from Africa, Europe, and Asia,
        
        Kingdom of Israel
        
        Saul was the first of 3 kings of Israel
        
        David was Saul's son-in-law, and the second king of Israel
        
        Solomon was the third king of Israel
        
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        David united the 12 tribes and established Jerusalem
        
        David had an affair with Bathsheba, who is the mother of Solomon
        
        Saul was known as a jealous man
        
        Chosen for king for driving the Philistines out of the central hills
        
        How were the roles of Saul and David similar and different in establishing the kingdom of Israel?
        
        Saul's role was to build the kingdom from the ground up and make Israel known.
        
        David's role was to grow the kingdom and solidify the kingdoms growth
        
        Also means that the Israelites are in the center of most warfare
        
        Eventually Israelites get captured by Babylonians
        
        Instead of being conquered, Cyrus lets them return to Jerusalem, and rebuild the temple, but they must pay tribute
        
        Why might a stronger power accept tribute from a weaker state rather than attacking and annexing it?
        
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        Why might Cyrus have allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple?
        
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