Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
(Serology, o Study of serum and other bodily fluids, Other bodily fluids…
-
-
- Other bodily fluids include
-
-
-
-
-
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
-
- Plasma � liquid component of blood ( no cells)
- Used for coagulation tests
-
- Serum � Liquid component of blood ( no cells) minus clotting factors
- Used for antibody and antigen detection
- Used for any test not affected by the clotting process
-
-
- Direct serologic test detects antigen using known antibody
- Indirect serologic test detects antibody using known antigen
-
-
-
-
- Immunodeficiency disorders
-
-
-
- Fairly inexpensive and simple
- Identify infectious agents that are difficult or dangerous to culture
- Important screening and or diagnostic tool for certain diseases
-
- Takes time to develop detectable antibodies � may need to treat immediately
- May need to see a rise in titer
- Cross-reactivity can result in false positives
- Sequencing replacing some tests
-
- Seronegative � no detectable antibodies
- Seropositive � detectable antibodies
-
- Polyclonal vs. monoclonal antibodies
o Poly clonal antibodies are produced by multiple B cells, each recognizing a different epitope
- What happens naturally in response to an antigen
- Made commercially by inoculating an animal and collecting its antisera
o Monoclonal antibodies are derived from a single B cell clone so all antibodies recognize the exact same epitope
-
-
- Requires creating a hybridoma � b cell clone fused with a tumor cell
- Primary vs secondary antibodies
-
-
- Conjugated or labeled antibodies
-
- Titer � highest dilution of the sample that yields a positive result
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Rise in Ab titer � current active infection
-
-
- Positive � clumping/agglutination because of antigen- antibody binding
- Negative � no clumping/agglutination
-
-
-
o Examples � ABO+ blood typing, monospot test, determine viral titers
-
-
-
-
-
- Positive result � no agglutination
- Negative result � clumping agglutination of the antigen coated or antibody-coated particles (latex beads or RBCs) from the assay
-
- Samples + RBCS + virus � does thes ample contain antibodies against the virus
- Samples + antigen � specific antibody (from the kid) � does the sample contain the antigen � drug tests
-
-
-
- As sample diffuses, any anylte is captured by gold-conjugated antibody specific to analyte
- If analyte is present, the analyte-Ab complexes diffuse across the test line and are caught by another set of antibodies specific to the analyte
- Control line has anti-IgG antibody to capture some of the gold-conjugated antibody
-
- Detection of antigens or antibodies in patient samples
- Indirect � detects antibody in the patient sample
-
- Add patient serum to well coated with antigen
-
- Add anti-human IgG conjugated to enzyme or fluorophore to well
-
- Add substrate to detect fluorescence
- Measure w/ spectrophotometer to determine [Ab]
- Sandwich � detects antigen in the patient sample
-
- Add patient sample to well coated with antibody specific to the antigen to be detected
-
- Add secondy antibody specific to the antigen (but different epitope_ that is conjugated to enzyme or flurophore
-
- Add substrate to detect fluorescence
- Measure w/spectrophotometer to determine [Ag]
- Quantitative or qualitative
-
-
- Determine frequency of various immune cells
- Identify important markers on immune cells
- Functional assays (cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, etc).
-
- Mix cells with antibodies specific to different markers of cells or other cell-associated proteins
- Antibodies conjugated to flurophores bind to specific angitens
-
- Detection via flow cytometer
-