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Week 5 - What is planning? - Coggle Diagram
Week 5 - What is planning?
LO1 - Planning
What is it?
Defining the organisation's goals
Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals
Concerned with both ends (goals) as well as means (strategy)
Why plan?
Provides direction
Reduces uncertainty
Minimises waste
Establishes goals and standards used for controlling
Elements of planning
Goals
Desired outcomes
Provide direction
Multiple
Stated vs real
Plans
Documents how goals are to be accomplished
Provides a map
Types of plans
Based on
Breadth
Time frame
Specificity
Frequency of use
LO2 - Organising
Elements
Departmentalisation
Work specialization
Chain of command
span of control
formalisation
Centralisation/ Decentralisation
Types
Mechanistic
Rigid departmentalisation
High specialisation
High chain of command
Narrow spans of control
High formalisation
Centralised mechanistic
Organic
Cross functional teams
Free flow of information
Cross hierarchical teams
Low formalisation
Decentralised
Wide spans of control
LO3 - Leading
Influences others to achieve goals
Theories
Behavioural Theories
More then traits, Ability to manage tasks and people
Trait Teories
Leaders are born and cant be trained
Contingency Theories
Ability to adapt to situations
Who is a leader
Someone who can influence others
May or may not possess managerial authority
All managers should be leaders :
LO4 - Controlling
What is it?
Monitoring, comparing and correcting work performance
Why control?
Final link of the four functions of management
Employee empowerment
Encourages managers’ to delegate
Protects the organisation and its assets
The control process
Measuring
How?
Combination of approaches
personal
observation
statistical reports
oral reports
written reports
What?
more critical process
Control criteria
employee satisfaction
turnover and absenteeism rates
budgets
Comparing
Acceptable range of variation
Taking managerial action
Correct actual performance
Immediate corrective versus basic corrective action
Revise the standard
Goal may have been too high or too low