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Ottoman Empire, References:
Grunebaun, G. (2002). El Islam: Desde la…
Ottoman Empire
Organization
Egypt
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Governed by Muhammad Ali in 1840, the country experienced economic prosperity
Syria
Ibrahim Pasa, Muhammad's son
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Diverse community: sunni muslims, alawies, shiite muslims
Iraq
Conformed by kurds, arabs, sunnis, nomads.
Its strategic value was to defend the frontiers from the persians and later from the arabs, specially from from the Wahhabies.
In 1831 Mahmoud II eneded mamluk hegemony, back to the control of Ottoman authority
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Lebanon
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The mounts retained its own law, even under ottoman control, the mountains were administered by feudal families.
The rise of the empire
In the late 13th century, Osman I established a beylik in the current Turkey
Osman expanded its territory through a mixture of strategic political alliances and military conflicts between:
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Their military employed a mixture of Turkic warriors and Byzantine and other Balkan christian converts
They captured thousands of young Christian boys, converted them to Islam and trained them to become the Janissaries
In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottomans under the leadership of Mehmed the Conqueror
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To its peak, the empire stretched from Hungary to the Persian Gulf, from the Horn of Africa to the Crimean Peninsula
Contemporary problems
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Palestinian problem
It began in 1917 when the english minister of foreign affairs declared to leave alone the jewish communities in Palestine
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Everyday life
In Istanbul there was a mixture of Greek, Turkish, Armenian, Persian, Arabic, Bulgarian, Albanian, and Serbian
References:
Grunebaun, G. (2002). El Islam: Desde la caída de Constantinopla hasta nuestros días. México:Siglo Veintiuno editores.
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