Walter Gropius & Adolf Meyer-
Fagus Factory, Leine, Germany,
1925

About the building

About the background

Comissined by Carl Benscheidt

Constructed between 1911- 1913. Interiors were. completed. in 1925

About the architect

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Wanted a radical structure to express the company's break from the past.

Both Gropius and Meyer had worked on the AEG Turbine factory. The. Fagus building can be seen as an inversion of the AEG turbine factory.

The Fagus building is a 40-meter high, dark brick base that projects from the facade by 4 meters.

Werner's intended layout for the individual buildings within the complex was carried out; greater uniformity and coherence were achieved, however, through Gropius and Meyer's reductionism in form, material, and color.

Similarities in the buildings: The first one is the use of floor-to-ceiling glass windows on steel frames that go around the corners of the buildings without a visible (most of the time without any) structural support. The other unifying element is the use of brick. All buildings have a base of about 40 cm of black brick and the rest is built of yellow bricks. The combined effect is a feeling of lightness or as Gropius called it "etherealization". In order to enhance this feeling of lightness, Gropius and Meyer used a series of optical refinements like greater horizontal than vertical elements on the windows, longer windows on the corners and taller windows on the last floor.

The Fagus factory in Alfeld illustrates a moment of considerable interchange between different generations of German, European and North American architects, which gave rise to a rational and modernist architecture. It was a site of synthesis of these influences, which were technical, artistic and humanistic; it went on to influence many other architectural works; it was the starting point of the Bauhaus movement.

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The 1920s were a difficult and unstable time for Germany. As well as having to come to terms with the Treaty of Versailles’ punishments, it was a time of invasion, economic decline, putsches (rebellions) but also a huge growth in cultural freedoms and political rights. Given the vast changes and improvements towards the end of the 1920s it is sometimes referred to as Germany’s Golden Age

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Growth in democracy and rights

• Prior to the 1920s Germany was ruled by one man; Kaiser Wilhelm II.

• But after being defeated during World War One he fled into exile and was replaced by the democratic Weimar government.

• All Germans over the age of 20 could vote, a system of voting called proportional representation was introduced where each party was given seats in parliament equal to their vote (20% of the vote = 20% of the seats)

• The Chancellor (leader) needed support of half of the Reichstag ( German Parliament) to do anything.

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Munich Putsch

• In 1923 Germany was having economic problems and many German’s were angry and frustrated with the Government. This led to some rebellions taking place.

• Adolf Hitler and a group of followers tried to launch a rebellion in the city of Munich by storming a local government meeting and demanding power.

• Fighting took place with government forces facing off against Nazi Party storm troopers.

16 Nazis were killed, and the rebellion ended in defeat.

• Hitler was arrested and put into prison.

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Germany’s Cultural Revival

• The 1920s was a golden age for German cinema.

• Some of German’s cinema stars, such as Marlene Dietrich, became famous worldwide and received many awards and increased Germany’s reputation abroad.

• Films and music in the cinema was very new and exciting and included topics such as sex which would have been banned during the Kaiser’s days.

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Bauhaus movement

• The Bauhaus Movement was a group of designers, artists and architects that produced exciting new designs and buildings.

• The first exhibition attracted 15,000 visitors and received interest from all over the world, highlighting Germany as a cultural leader.

• These new designs moved away from the old, traditional designs and styles of Germany which some liked, but others rejected.

Tartuffe- Comedy- 1925

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Variety- Romance- 1925

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Prem Sanyas- Drama

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Berlin, la cité des millions- Documentary

The Blackgaurd- Drama

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The joyless street- Drama

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Streets of Germany in 1925

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Dresses in 1925, Germany

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Gropius House, Massachusetts

9 Storey house unit, Berlin

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Bauhaus, Germany

Buildings by Walter Gropius

Photos of Fagus Factory

How did Hiltler's views influence mordernisation of buildings in Germany

Hitler viewed in monumental architecture a way of creating in the body a disarming state of awe. He was convinced that monumental buildings were powerful weapons, and assumed that political supremacy depended, as his desire to crush the Palace of the Soviets illustrates, on erecting structures that would dazzle and intimidate multitudes, inhibiting their bodily disposition to act critically and assertively.

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Mordernisation of buildings

Adolf Hitler's influence on architecture

How did Bauhaus influence Fagus factory architecture

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Bauhaus—literally translated to “construction house”—originated as a German school of the arts in the early 20th century. Founded by Walter Gropius, the school eventually morphed into its own modern art movement characterized by its unique approach to architecture and design. Today, Bauhaus is renowned for both its unique aesthetic that inventively combines the fine arts with arts and crafts as well as its enduring influence on modern and contemporary art.

Fagus factory- facade

Germany in 1925

Bauhaus- inspiring modernisation

What materials were used in making the Fagus Factory and how they are different from the other buildings in those time.

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Colors in facades

Walter Gropius'. style

Materials

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