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THE AUGUSTAN AGE OR THE AGE OF THE REASON (1714 - 1760) - Coggle Diagram
THE AUGUSTAN AGE OR
THE AGE OF THE REASON
(1714 - 1760)
Historical background
1702 - 1714
1702-1713
1707
1714 - 1727
1727 - 1760
GEORGE II
in 1727 George I died living the throne to his son. He also depended on Walpole and gave him a house at
10 Downing Street
which is still today the residence of the Prime Minister
the War of the Austrian Succession started as Anglo-Spanish War 1740-1748
Second Jacobite Rebellion 1745
2 more items...
England attacked Spain to control Spanish commercial monopoly in North America. France joined Spain and the English were defeated at Cartagena in the West Indies; Walpole was forced to resign. Later the war extended and became the War of the Austrian succession. Britain joined Austria and supported Maria Theresa against France, Spain and Prussia which refused to recognise her unless she renounced some of the Austrian territories
GEORGE I
Queen Anne died without heirs. The legitimate successor was James II's son, James Edwars Stuart who refused to convert to Protestantism against the disposition of the Act of Settlement. For this reason the throne passed to the Prince of Hanover in Germany
decrease in the power of monarchy
because he didn't speak English nor did he know British people and politics. He left the government in the hands of a
selected group of advisers also called ministers
because they ministered to the king, led by a
Prime Minister
emergence of the modern Cabinet and a Prime Minister
(the first was Sir Robert Walpole) were 2 steps towards the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. George chose his leaders from the Whig party which supported freedom of the press and established a policy of toleration
economic prosperity
First Jacobite Rebellion 1715
1 more item...
ACT OF UNION
Scotland was United to England in return for representation in the English Parliament but the Scottish Church and the administrative and legal system remained independent
England fought in the
WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
allied with Holland and Prussia against Spain and France
1713
TREATY OF UTRECHT
end of the War. Spanish Empire dismembered
England:
retained Gibraltar and Minorca
obtained the permission to trade with Spanish South-American colonies
gained the monopoly of the African
Slave trade
This guaranteed maritime, commercial and financial supremacy and led to the foundations of the colonial empire
STUART QUEEN ANNE
Social background
Expansion of the Middle class
which filled the gap between the upper classes and the poor. Its members tried to gain prestige by joining aristocracy
commercial expansion
increase internally and externally thanks to:
mercantilist policy
of the Whigs
slave trade
colonial trade
after the wars with Spain and France
Methodism
a religious movement created by John and Charles Wesley in 1750 which preached piety, morality and the importance of living with method and without excess. The Methodists created charity schools where people studied the Bible and learnt to read and write
Cultural and Literary background
Augustan Age,
Neoclassical Age
refers to the
imitation of the poets who lived in the Rome of Emperor Augustus
such as Horace, Virgil, Ovidio and Juvenal with their insistence upon rules, harmony, decorum and good taste
Age of Reason or Age of Enlightenment
Refer to the main philosophical trend of the period
rationalism
which fostered
The
belief in reason and experiment
to inquiry into the nature of man and society
prevalence of reason over emotion and imagination
The first half of the 18th century saw:
the opening of
coffee-houses
, places wherefore could drink coffee or tea which soon became cultural centres for political, cultural and philosophical debates andthe dissemination of news and ideas
growth of the reading public
and of printed material thanks to
growth in literacy
and the birth of the first
circulating libraries
, public institutions where people could borrow books for a small fee
the opening of
private and literary clubs
cultural features
the same as those of the Restoration although with some development
distrust of emotion and man's individuality
celebration of reason
belief that the Latin and the Greek had attained the greatest possible perfection in literature
literary features
technical perfection of literary forms
realism
criticism
rather than creation
abstraction of thought and expression
moralizing attitude
literary trends
rise of the
realistic novel
growth of
satire
growth of
journalism