Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
D.S
“Mr. Gomez,”Kayoko asked, “mayI talk to you about my grades in this class?”
I.S
The man asked if the bill included service.
REPORTING VERBS
say, tell, ask, claim, reply, state, wonder
Say = Something / Tell = Someone something
:warning: Tell ONLY when the listener is mentioned
Mr. Egiofor
told us
(that) he’d be lecturing
:warning: say+ to+ object
Mr. Egiofor
said to us
(that) he’d be lecturing.
REPORTING YES/NO QUESTIONS
statement word order
I asked if
we would
know the answer soon.
Use if or whether (or not), :red_cross: that
:warning: whether (or not) to emphasize alternatives or diferent possibilities
:red_cross: do, does, or did
REPORTING WH-QUESTIONS
Use question words, Statment word order (predicate)
The man asked
how
much the service was
REPORTING MODALS
can➔could
must➔had to
may➔might
shall➔should
will➔would
:red_cross: Could, had better, might, ought to, should, would
OTHERS CHANGE IN I.S
pronouns/possessive adjectives ➔other Forms
here➔there
now➔then
• ago➔before/previously
yesterday➔the day before/the previous day
today➔that day
tomorrow➔the next day/the following day
VERBS THAT DON'T CHANGE
short time ago.
simple present, present progressive, present perFect, or Future,
general truths
CHANGES IN VERB
Imperative -> Infinitive
The teacher said, “
Open
your books.”
The teacher
told us to open
our books.
Simple present -> Simple past
Present progressive -> Past progressive
Simple past -> Past perfect
Present perfect -> Past perfect