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counselling theories and psychotherapy - Coggle Diagram
counselling theories and psychotherapy
week 1
intro
tailor own style
integrate
learn overview, adapt one, integrate with others
four areas of approaches
psychodynamic
insight
unconsciousness
motivation
personality
Adlerian no focus on unconsciousness
experiential and relationship orientated
existential
life themes
gestalt
experiments
stay present
person centred
relationship
cognitive behavioural approaches
action
systems and post modern
environment
society
narrative
ethics
rights
decisions
confidentiality
diversity
evidence based
diagnosis/assessments
pre treatment requisite
ongoing
needs to be done regardless of orientations
diagnosis, identify disorders, patterns
explain cause
development
estimate success
treatment
goals
tailored
clues
classification
procedure and tech
medical model
id disorder
label
can be unnecessary and discriminate
not all approaches use diagnosis
dsm 5
dont look at culture
discriminate
dominanat view
medical model
mental illness
does not consider politics, culture, social
pathologies
oppress
racism
consider culture and ethics
relevant factors
comments
clinical and legal responsibility to screen for life-threatening problems
assess whole person mind, body and spirit
spirituality, religion
account for biological,
values
problems
evidence based practise
best research
clinical expertise
clients characteristics
empirical evidence
manuals
mechanical
not all clients are dysfunctional
accountability
specific
boundaries
types
aspiration
mandatory
fear based
positive
put own needs before client
prejudice
self awareness
vulnerability
role of ethics and codes
responsibility
profession
improve practise
guidelines
judgment
decision making
identify problems
issues
ethics
multicultural
western models
individual cultural experience
limitations
world views
individual vs collective
values
avoid judgements, biases
social justice
assumptions
individual and the environment
family and culture
social justice actions
cause of problems
social factors
laws
regulations
consult
brain storm
explore
examine motivations
documnet
raise questions
values
informed consent
ethical
legal
educate
rights
collaborate
process
goals
responsibility
exceptions
limits
legal, ethical
background, qualifications
fees
length of time
benefits, risks
confidentiality`
privilege
permission
trust, build relationship
use of tech
exceptions
hospitalisation,
abuse
court
release records
protection
written, oral, or both
boundaries
boundary crossings
boundary violation
make clear
limit tech use
week 2: psychoanalytic
Freud
1856-1939
studied medicine
students, alder,jung
most complete theory of personality ever
24 volumes
key concepts
view of human nature
irrational forces
unconscious motives
psychosexual stages
bio, instinctive
sexual energy
sexual, agressive drives
libido
growth and death instinct
structure of personality
id
biological, untamed, drives , impulses
all id at birth
primary source of psych power
pleasure principle
never matures
unconscious out of awareness
impulsive
ego
organise, redirect id
internal, external
controls consciousness
logic
reality
super ego
personnel code
inhibit id
social component
conscious, unconscious
levels
inferred from behaviour
dreams
slips of tongue
post hypno suggestion
free association
projection
symbolic
most psych out of awareness
anxiety
conflict between personality structures
repressed feelings
desires
surface impeding danger
types
reality
neurotic
moral
when ego cant control anxiety by rational, ego defence kicks in
ego defence ,cope with anxiety
deny or distort reality
operate unconsciously
repression
denial
reaction formation
projection
displacement
rationalisation
regression
introjection
identification
compensate
personality development
psychosexual and psychosocial stages
oral
anal
phalic
therapeutic process
goals
cope, solve problems
increase adaptive functioning
reduce symptoms
strengthen ego
resolve conflict
modify personality and character
childhood discussed
self understand
insight
memories
therapist
blank screen
transference
stand outside
interpret
unconscious surfaces
unfinished business
understand
resurrect conflict , bring to present, put on therapist
therapist becomes figure
learn defences
not all transference is past related
projected as significant figure
deal with anxiety
relationship
gain control over impulses
resistance
interpret
listen, ask, dont judge
counter transference
no longer objective
trigered
need therapy
can increase empathy and understanding
take out on client
classically minimised
be self aware
client
long term, intense, costly
couch
free association, feelings, experiences, emotions, memories, fantasies, to analysis
express everything, nothing of limits
tech and procedures
in psy dynamic
no couch
disclose
not just about personality
supportive
present
six core tech
framework
constant
free association
say anything
interpret
dream analysis
resistance analysis
transference
psychodynamic
based on psychoanalysis, doesn't use all tech and theory, short and simple
termination
solved conflicts and problems
symptons gone
understood
reduce defences
reduce transference
accomplish goals
accept faulty childhood fantasies
self analysis
cope
JUNGS PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY
analytic psychology
human development, life course, not just child
agreed with Freud psychosexual
spiritual approach rather than bio, psych, drives
not just past also prent and future
develop growth balance
dark side, human nature, primal drives need acceptance
dreams
messages
experience
persona (mask)
shadow, powerful archetypes
agreed with freud pathway to unconsciousness
contemporary trends
ego psych/ object relations theory
attachmnet
separation
object/other
life span interpersonal relationships
self psych
self object
Heinz Kohut
empathy
relational
egalitarian over authority
interaction in therapy important
individual difference, values and culture no objectivity
early attachments and developments effect future relationships
shape personality
treating nacistic disorders
powerful tools
independent and attachment equals health
brief therapy
competence
resources
here and now
attention to childhood and adolescent disturbances
not suitable for severely depressed and character disorder
non reductionist
multicultural
strengh
all have childhood
development crisis
lifespan
culture
social
short comings
bias
stereotype
counter transference
costly
expert
authority
long
fail to address external factors
sexist
contributions
understand resistance
role of transference
overuse of ego defence systems
unfinished business
history helps understand the present
development stages
week 4: existential therapy
key figures
Viktor Frankl
Rollo May
Irvin Yalom
intro
way of thinking/ attitude to psych
not separate school
no specfic tech
not defined model
no manual
human suffering
human being
nature of anxiety, despair, grief, isolation, anomie
meaning of love, creativity
explore mortality, meaning, freedom, responsibility, anxiety, aloneness, struggle
goals
explore existential "given life"
ignored
denied
reflect
give meaning
alternatives
decide
choice
action
responsible
pathways
not victims we choose
control
acceptance beliefs
purpose
passion
direction
oppurtunity
history and philosophy
culture, philosophy, religion
existentialism
uncertainty (only certainty in life is death)
not discover ourselves/ create ourselves
human project
death/suicide
ethics
rationality
exist in world, part of the world
wasting time , taking life for granted
mods and feeling reflective of authenticity and unauthentic to expense of others
not past, future, present
person and enviroment
post modern
freedom
our existence is never fixed or finished
contemporary
answers to questions
move from medical model
explore with client
resistance to be present
seek to please
life limiting
internalise
argumentative
explore self
here and now dialogue
key concepts
view of human nature
understand being human
respect person
explore behaviour
no specfic tech
diverge methods
recognise limits to human existence and opportunities
dilemma of isolation
alienation, meaninglessness
individual experience of loneliness and anxiety
existence is never fixed
transition , evolve, emerge, responded conflict and tension
make sense of existence
propositions
the capacity for self awareness:
increase freedom, choice, responsibility, awareness, live fully
life is time limited
decisions
meaning
emptiness, guilt, loneliness, isolation, emptiness
we are alone but can relate to others
expand or restrict consciousness
expand growth
emerging therapy concerns
trade security of depending for the responsibility of choice
make decisions
hold self back
cant change event, can change view
accept limitations
no perfection
not living in the present, live in the past
more humour more happiness
increase self awareness increase motivation, influence, goals,
proposition: freedom and responsibility
freedom, choice, destiny
meaning
limitations
act on choices
reflect
we long for freedom yet escape it by defining ourselves as fixed
inauthentic
avoid choice
existential guilt, choose not to choose
fail to rise up to challenge of anxiety
guilt can motivate and transform
learn about living
authentic, be ourselves live to values, have courage
free, human, freedom, responsibility
we create our lives, destiny, problems
broaden choice
we may not choose events; however we can choose how to perceive and handle
value in culture
not victims to circumstances
change environment, look inwards see how it shapes problems
freedom may be restricted by reality
prop 3: id and relationship
identify discrepancies between self and lived outside
look for answer to conflicts
create meaning
congruity
depedance on others for confirmation, we must decide what is true and what life means
tolerate self
stand alone find strength our relationships are stronger based on fulfilment, not deprivation
distinguish between independent attachment and life-affirming relationship where both are enhanced
live life by other terms not own
surrender freedom to others
prop 4: search for meaning
significance and purpose
meaning life
discard unhelpful old values
new value systems
direction
lack of meaning=stress and anxiety
existential neurosis: experience meaninglessness
mortality
must create meaning
explore, past present and future, identify meaning
traumatic growth
deal with despair, triumph
prop 5:anxiety as a condition of living
human condition
survival, maintain, assert
existential anxiety is unavoidable when dealingwith existence
aware of freedom, accept or reject
personnel change
growth
change direction
normal anxiety is good
neurotic anxiety
failure to move through normal anxiety
out of proportion to the situation
out of awareness
healthy psych , no neurotic anxiety
accept deal with normal anxiety part of normal life
security illusion
courage to live fully, accept death, and anxiety associated with uncertaintity
life is adventure not hiding behind security
open new life, open up to anxiety
anxiety lowers with new ways to live
more self-confidence lowers anxiety related to catastrophising
prop 6: awareness of death and non-being:
death isn't bad it reminds us to live
grasp reality of future and death
take advantage of the moment
reflect, teach us to live fully
dont live forever need to get things done
accept death physical death destroys us, idea of death saves us
shift in how we live
more compassion
explore values
evaluate how we live
THOSE WHO FEAR DEATH FEAR LIFE
Therapeutic process
goals
authentic lives
make choices
find meaning
take action
create purpose
reclaim, resume life
listen to self
become self aware
therapist function and role
find options
accept responsibility
look at self rather than blame others
restricted existence
limited awareness of self and problems
few options seen
feel trapped or stuck
no set tech
tailored treatment
clients experience
take respocibiity for choices
take action
be active in therapy
explore
find alternatives
make vision real
therapeutic relationship
understand subjective world of he client
not tech orientated
voyage of discovery
not about symptoms
authentic
presence
genuine interest
tech and procedures
not tech orientated
understand subjective world
philosophy, of human existence
not about diagnosis, treatment, prognosis intervention custom
clarify views
ease and expertise
creative process
three pahases
clarify assumptions of the world, reflect on existence
examine source of authority
learn put into action, purposeful existence
appropriate clients
people with coping , developmental, crisis grief, loss, death, major life change
committed to better life
challenge status quo
multicultural
strengh
universal
social cultural effect
similarity and differences
perception
worldview
experience
social limits
weakness
individualistic
self determination/ oppression dont accept responsibility
overall
contribution
personel focus
death
existence
freedom
self-conscious
anxiety
reflects
standards value
guilt
human quality
reduce mechanics
choice rejects objectivity and professional
experience
integrate
limits
difficult to reserch
to no philosophical
reject measures level of maturity
person-centred therapy, Carl Rogers
intro
Rogers assumptions
people are trustworthy
understand self
resolve own problems
self direct growth
through therapy and healing
relationship with therapist is critical
not a complete or fixed approach
four periods
1940, non directive counseling, against medical model
1950, client centred therapy, phenological focus, internal frame of reference
1950 -1970, becoming one experience
test hypothesis
fascitate growth
personnel and interpersonal not tech
1980 -1990, person centred
power
control
client determines direction
clarify feelings research core
client main source
emotional focused therapy
person centred
emotion
awarness
growth
new narratives
access emotion
contained emotion change emotion, change behaviour and thought
explore identity, experience, transform, manage emotions
empirically validated
Maslow
influenced rogers
Maslow critic of Freud
positive psychology
hierchy of needs
motivation
needs
safety
belonging
love
esteem
self
acorn metaphor, nurture to grow
self actualising people
awarness
freedom
honest
care
trust
autonomous
accept self
welcome uncertaintity
accept others
creative
inner directness
humour
person centered philosophy
key concepts
congruence
unconditional positive regard
accurate empathetic understanding
actualising tendencies
fulfilment
autonomy
self determine
responsibility
therapeutic approach
goals
clarify goals
not just solve problems
cope
get behind mask
authentic ways of being
therapist do not set goals
therapist
facitate change
belief in client
be present
be real
care , respect, accept, support, understand
loosen defences
explore
client
explore
own experiences
self concept
see problems
seek help
learn
responsibility
understand self
explore beleifs
acceptance
discovery of self appreciate self
creative, flexibility
direction be active
openness
therapeutic alliance
understand
congruent
unconditional positive regard
empathetic understanding
communication
therapeutic core conditions
drop pretence
share
guide
growth
three parts
congruence
unconditional positive regard
accurate empathetic understanding
subjective
objective
interpersonal
tech and procedures
not core, when sugested:
non directive
more directive
be present
listen
respect
understand
accept
tailored to client
no one way
integrate tech
role of assessment
no medical model
client self assess
client best source of knowledge
involve clients as much as possible in assessment and treatment
research showed importance of relationship
no expertise needed
person centred expression therapy
Natalie Rogers
the arts
transformative healing
emotions
energy
pathway to unconsciousness
connection
movement
self healing
expression
70 years of research
motivational interview
clients ability, strength, resources, competencies
open-ended questions
reflective listening
affirm support empathy
resistance
non confrontation
guide
direct
principles
perception
discrepancies
reluctance
support
readiness
change
pre contemplation
contemplation
prep stage
action
maintain
adlerain therapy
intro
Alfred Adler
move away fro Freud determinism
relational, social shape personality
telogical goal orientated
environment not just bio and psych
not just childhood
we create ourselves
not where we come from, where we are going
subjective approach
values, beliefs, attitudes, goals, interest, perceptions of reality
holistic, social, humanistic, goals, systemic,
phenological
frame of reference
all parts, internal and external, context of life
key concepts
human nature
inferiority
choice
capacity to interpret, influence, create events
life goal unify personality
not viewed as abnormal or weak
behaviour is goal orientated
behaviour as purposeful goal
towards happiness
strive for significance and superiority
life style
life goal
beliefs and assumption create reality and meaning
personality
life movement
plan
perceptions
proactive
create new lifestyle
social interest
empathy
belong
participate
bond
common good
contribute
community feeling
life tasks
build friends, social tasks
establish intimacy, love task
contribute to society, occupation
each task requires friendship, belomnging, contribution
therapy because problem with life task
lack courage equals problems
need to develop
modify life style develop social interest
birth order , sibling relationship
social system
process
goals
collaborate
hollistic
lifestyle assessment, faulty assumptions, mistaken goals
increase belonging, social interest, community feeling
health , wellbeing, prevent problems
growth
address life tasks
encouragement
different view
therapist
assessment and function
family constellation
life task
birth order
goals
motivation
purpose of behaviour
tech and procedure
establish relationship
assesses
subjective interview
life story
objective interview
coping
life style
family
meaning
experience
family constellation
before 10 yo
3-12 memeoires
integrate and summarise story
encourage self understanding and insight
awareness
change
change approach set goals
reorientation and re-education
growth not medical model
change search new possibilities
problem solve
change behaviour
encourage
support
address problems
make a difference
techniques
immediacy
advice
humour
silence
parodixal intention
mediation
homework
acting as if
catching oneself
pushbutton
externalisation
task setting
reauthorisation
termination
avoid traps
confrontation
stories
early recollection
lifestyle asess
encourage
commitment
gestalt therapy
intro
Fritz Perl
holistic approach to personality
here and now
existential, phenomenological, process based approach
experiments
insight and introspection
experience client does work
traditional confrontational
contemporary, support, sensitive, compassion, direct experience
key concepts
human nature
internal and external worlds
awareness
environment support and self support
integrate disowned parts of personality
thrust clients into awareness
self regulate through awareness
people evolve
principles
nihilism, gestalt, thoughts, feelings, actions, behaviour, memeories, dreams
field theory , organism in the environment
figure, salient experience
ground, out of awareness
tone
body language
gestures
cues
figure formation process
organise experience from background to figure of focus
orgasmic self regulation
contact and resistance to contact
contact boundary disturbances
introjection
projection
retroflection
deflection
confluence
blur of self and the environment
the now
present experience
phenological enquiry aware of the present
experiment and explore
unfinished business
figures from background
uncompleted or unresolved
energy and block to energy
unfinished business
where is located and how is it used
defence
tension, posture , breathing, numbness, looking away
interrupted energy
blocked energy
resistance exacerbate body tension
therapy
goals
awareness
choice
personality change
accept, integrate, denied parts
integrate become whole
unfinished business dealt with
be responsible
existential view sensory awareness
we change with challenges not static
therapist
enage
view clients as experts of themselves
self awarness
guide
catalyst
experiments
i though dialogue
body laguage
share observations
here and now
verbal nonverbal cues
become body parts
language, words, metaphors
stories
clients
dialogue
how they avoid responsibility
therapist do not interpretate
therapeutic relationship
growth
discourse awareness
accommodation, choice
assimilation, influence environment
tech and procedure
exercises
experiments
internal dialogue exercise
empty chair tech
future projection tech
making the rounds
rehearsal exercise
behaviour therapy
intro
observe behaviour
current determinant
learning
treatment assessment and evaluation
history
50-60s
classical and operant conditioning
not just learning theory
social learning theory
cognitive representation of the environment rather than objective
2000 third wave mindfulness
four areas of development
classical conditioning, Pavlov
operant, consequences, reinforcement
social learning modelling
cbt
key concepts
basic characteristics and assumptions
experiential denied principles of learning systemically applied
behaviour is not just overt actions , beliefs, emotions, cognition
deals with current problems and factors change enviroment, person plus enviroment
action not just talk
do not need insight for change
assessment is ongoing
bespoke intervention
therapy process
goals
formal assessment set targets
client agree to goals
therapist
assessment
abc model
problem solve
directive
reflection
clarify
open ended questions
understand function and behaviour
strategies
evalaute
follow up
client
rehearsal
feedback
homework
learn through modelling
instruction
performance
motivate to change
take action
motivational interview
tech and procedure
abc model
negative and positive reinforcement
extinction (withheld reinforcement)
punishmnet (decrease, increase reinforcemnet)
progressive muscle therapy
systemic desentisation
eye movement
social skills training
self managed and self directed
select goals
set targets
self monitor
plan for change
mindfulness and acceptance based
awareness
present
acceptance
attitude
change behaviour
emotional regulation
distress, tolerance
stop musting
meditation , yoga
observe sensations in all activity
self compassion
non judgement
CBT
intro
collaborative
distress due to cognitive process
change cognition, change behaviour
present centred, time focused
action, directive
educational
psychoeducational
homework
active, inside outside therapy
beliefs, behaviour, emotions, resections
change one change the other, holistic
behavioural experiments
REBT
Ellis
1st cognitive therapy
people create problems through beliefs about situations and events
belief, interpretation, emotions
reaction, identity dispute irrational belief's
change emotional experience change cognition, behaviour, irrational beliefs, emotions
key concepts
emotional disturbances
learn irrational beliefs
auto suggest, reinforce, self defeating, beleifs, repition
behaviour is consistent with belief's
blame core of disturbances
accept ourselves
musterbation
absolutes, should, musts
abcde framework
dispute, challenge belief, detect, debate, discrimate
therapy
goals : :
lower emotional disturbances and self defeating beliefs
increase realistic philosophy on life
collaborate
create goals
unconditional self acceptance and others
unconditional life acceptance
therapist
show irrational thoughts
dispute beliefs
demonstrate how cognition create beliefs
replace must for preferences
we are responsible for emotional destiny
change thinkinhg
lower irrational beliefs
develop rational philosophy
client
present
here and now
work inside and outside therapy
review, plan, prevent, cope
relationship unconditional acceptance
tech and procedures
multimodal
cognitive
dispute irrational beleifs
do cognitive homework
bibliotherapy
change language
psychoeducational
emotion
rational imagery
humour
role play
shame attach
behaviour
conditioning
self manage
desentaise
relax
modelling
cognitive therapy
Aaron Beck
intro
depression
negative cognitive triangle
negative
pessimism, hopeless
introspective
personnel meaning
discovery meaning by self dont need therapist
cognitive distortions
catastrophise
tunnel vision
magnify and minimise
personalise
label, mislabel
extreme thinking
belief psy distress
change belief, behaviour emotion
believes need to change prevent relapse
basic principles
insight focused
psychoeducational
change thoughts
beleifs
identify
exmaine evidence
empirical testing
professionalism
coping
CT REBT differences
REBT directive, pervasive, confrontational, thereby teaching
CT Socratic, identify rather than teach
beck beleifs are distored
strength based cbt
intro
Padesky and Moorey
integrate client strenghns
happy, alturism, resilience
enhance human experience
add on to cbt
cognitive behaviour modification
intro
Donald Meichenbaum
combine best of bt and cbt
maladaptive thoughts
change behaviour rather than thinking
emotion and thinking
cognitive restructuring
how behaviour changes
mediating between inner speech and cognitive structures and behaviour
three phases
self observation and listen to self
start new internal dialogue
learn new skills
stress inoculation training
modify beliefs, self statements in stressful situations
skills acquisition stage
coping skills for stressful
story tell/cognitive narrative approach
relaxation
social skills
dialogue
time managment
life style change
relapse learning oppurtunity not catastrophe
REALITY THERAPY
intro
William Classer
talk to sane client not disturbed
success id opposed to failure id
accept personnel responsibility for behaviour
control theory, choice theory
responsible for choices
motivated by needs and wants
we control our present behaviour
Robert e Wubbolding
WDEP SYTEM
unsatisfactory nonexistent relationship core to allproblems
choose behaviour to deal with frustrations caused by relationships
unhappiness is choice in behaviour
do not label
ineffective
diagnosis simply identifies behaviour chosen
labelling ineffective behaviour as mental illness is inaccurate
mental illness is brain damage, abnormality and treated by neurologist
choice theory base for rt
how and why we function
effective choices, control own life
key concepts
view of human nature
genetically encoded drives and needs motivate
survival;
love and belonging
primary need
power
freedom
fun
receive and give love
feelings indicate how much satisfying needs
when we feel bad one of five needs not meet
needs may not be known but we know we want to feel better
teach ct to identify needs and try to satisfy build file of wants called quality world
inner picture album
images, situations, people, events , beliefs, possessions that fulfil needs
behave that gives us control over our lives
prioritise wants uncover what is important
someone to relate to in satisfying way
getting into quality world part of therapy
ct explains all we do is behaviour, everything we do is chosen or generated from within
total behaviour
acting
behaviour serves purpose of closing gap between what we want and we perceive we are getting
we choose our destiny
behaviour comes from within
people are depressing or angering themselves rather than have behaviour thrust upon from outside
thinking
feeling
paining behaviour develops because it gives what we want
people do not choose pain and suffering it is unchosen part of total behaviour
behaviour satisfies needs
behaviour is a message, language
behaviour influences world to get what we want
physiology
characteristics
meaningful relationships foster emotional health
effective choices
talk about what client cannot change is value less
talk about what can change
can only control self
rt spend little time listening to complaining, blaming, criticising, ineffective behaviour in our behaviour repotair
focus
choice and responsibility
reject transference
therapist stays real
keep therapy present
past not important
past may contribute to the problem but it is not the problem
live and plan in present steps to future
satisfy needs in present
dont totally reject past
cant change the past, dont waste time looking back, look forward
history is not destiny
past propels to present does not determine future
focus on what client is willing to do now to change behaviour
avoid focus on symptoms
focus on the past protects client from facing reality of the present relationship
focus on symptoms does the same
experience what is happening now
reluctant to accept the reality that their suffering is due to total behaviour they are choosing
symptoms , body way of warning that behaviour they are choosing is not satisfying basic needs
focus on problems reduces therapy times
all symptoms are caused by current relationships
therapy is lengthy when focused on past and symptoms
challenge traditional views of mental health
ct rejects people with problems are ill
be careful of psychiatry
critic heavy reliance on dsm 5 for diagnostic and treatment
use of medicine due to side effects
mental health system, not mental disorder system
change perception of behaviour
people don't have problems they have solutions that dont have work
therapy
goals
connect reconnect with people in quality world
fulfil needs
make more effective choices related to needs
therapist
self evaluation
examine what client is doing
create plan
create hope
advocate
client
dont back track into past or get side track into symptoms
feelings that are separate from acting and thinking that are part of total behaviour
take action
change what doing
self evaluate
tech and procedures
create environment explain clients wants and needs, bespoke counselling
implement procedures
environment for effective counselling
avoid arguing,
attacking
blaming
bossing
critising
demanding,
finding fault
coercing
encouraging excuse
holding grudges
instil fear
giving up
procedures that lead to change
present behaviour not meeting needs
motivation
choose other behaviour s that will meet needs and wants
ask client what they want
what choice currently making in relationships
focus on what can be controlled
therapy is over when client realise they can only control their selves
make better choices
explore possibilities
not at mercy of others , not victims , gain inner control, range of choices
sense of hope
id needs and wants , discover quality world
choose total behaviours that are their symptoms
effective choice, effective control, change life, rather than victim of circumstances beyond control
change is choice
acquire and maintain a successful relationship
focus on cannot cannot
WDEP SYSTEM
wants needs and perceptions
5 basic needs
move external world closer to internal world of wants
explore faults of life, wants for family , friends, and work
explore throughout therapy
ask questions, pinpoint wants, move control than perceived move from external control to inner control
questions, when what, how to ask
direction and doing
feelings only relevant if related to present behaviour
deal with present problems by identifying wants better ways of settling it
solve problems in present, plan for future
make more need satisfying choices
discuss overall direction, where there going where behaviour is taking them
gain awareness change total behaviour
take action, change thoughts easier to change what we are thinking and doing than feelings
self evaluation
cornerstone of rt
examine behaviour , new direction, plans,
significant relationships
is current behaviour serving purpose
ask helpful questions
total behaviour
choices
beliefs behind change
scope and responsibility
can be directive at start
recognise control in life
blurred pictures, unsure of wants and needs, if realistic
planning and action
fulfil wants and needs
evaluate and re plan
explore
gain control
accept consequences for choices and responsibility
plan is achievable
simple easy to understand
positive course of action, willing to do
independently done
repeative drills
process centred activities
commitment to resolutions
self direction
limits
explore fears of failure
fail to plan plan to fail
feminist approach
intro
social identity, social location, power
social ,cultural, political
understand persons problems
feminist , multicultural
social justice
psych oppression
constraint due to social political status
unrepresented
marginalised
have been regulated
roles
social identity
development
self concept
goals
emotional wellbeing
experiences
socialisation patterns
isms
move away from dominant view
experiences
patriarch systems
power, oppression, privilege
key concepts
multicultural
interactionist
life span
gender fair approaches
equal opportunity to all groups
flexible multicultural approach
masculine defines the femine
symptoms are response to society
relational cultural theory
women search for conectness and autonomy
relational quality seen as strength
growth through connectness
women experience
sociolopolitical growth
effect of stereotypes
reduce suffering from isolation
increase resilience
mutual empathy
empowerment
social justice
principles
person is political
commitment to social change
supressed views are valuable experience honoured
counselling egalitarian
focus on strengthens
all oppression recognised
therapy
goals
empower
value in diversity
strive for change rather than adjust
equlity
balance
interdepended and independence
self nurture
social change
personal and collective power
free from roles
acquire skills
transform individual and society
replace discrimination
therapist
understand oppression
personal, professional
emotionally present
Adlerian therapy
existential
non hierarchal power
egalitarian
not expert
client
tell story
experts
gender is only one identtity
perspectives
empowerment journey
tech and procedure
diagnostic labels unhealthy
external factors as important as external
medical model abuse of power
symptoms survival and coping
id strength, skills, resources, wellness
resilience rather than deficit
diverse
empowerment
self disclosure
gender role , social identity analysis
gender role intervention
power analysis
bibliography
assertiveness training
reframing, relabelling
social action
group work
demystify
challenge traditional views
post modern approach
intro
no single founder
social constructionism
truth and reality
points of view over objectivity and immutable facts
value reality without disputing whether it is accurate or rational
understand reality through language and function of the situation people live in
reality is socially constructed
once the definition of self is constructed, it is hard to recognise behaviour counter to definition
stories and language equal meaning
historical connect view of dominant social context
social relationships knowledge is constructed through the social process
truth is interaction of people
there is no single truth or right or wrong way to live life or understand the world
value exchanged through language
influenced by social, culture
distrust of dominant cultural positions
soloution focused brief therapy
intro
future focused
goal orientated
brief
Steve de Shazer and Kim Berg
emphasis on strength
optimistic
solutions
antideterminstic
create problem free
language new reality
key concepts
unique focusnot intereested innpast or how problem emreged
what is possible
behaviour change most important
dont need cause to solveproblemno need to assess problem
no right or absolute soloutions
some discussion of present problemto validate experience and pain
clients choose goals
little attention to diagnosis
positive orienatation
opptimistic assumptions
healthy competatant
cabable positive expectations
what is working
strenghns
pssibilities
change perceptions
what isworking
exceptions to when problem didnt exist or was dealt with
find what is working use it to elimante prblem
replicate
if it workskeep it up if it dont change it
progressive narratives
basic assumptions
explain how people change and reach goals rather than look at problems
capacity to behave effectively
solutions
get clues gain control
exceptions
rich stories
cooperation reduces resistance
small steps to big change
client wants to change, can change, will change with cooperation and therapy
brief therapy
3 -8 seessions
rapid alliance
clear goals
responsivities defined
here and now
current functioning
specific, pragmatic, eclectic, integrated
time sensitive
assess throughout
problems, collaborate, intervene
therapy
clients
experts
collaborative rather than educational
build solutions without assessment of problems
structure of solution building
describe problem
develop goals
ask about exceptions
feedback, encouragement, homework
evaluate , use scale
goals
client designs
needs and wants
possibilities
realistic goals
questions
create goals
positive
action orientated
here and now
achievable, concrete,
client creates
client must feel heard and understood before creating goals
several goals
frame of reference, change view of situation
change doing of problematic situation
tap into resources and strengthens
therapist aware of language used
client
customer
complainant
visitor
tech and procedure
pretherapy change
exception questions
scaling questions
miracle question
therapist feedback
compliment
homework
bridge gap
self monitor
narrative therapy
intro
David Epston and Michael white
construct meaning through stories
created around dominate discourse
postmodern, narrative, internalise social construct
key concepts
create alternative story
separate problem from story
problems created in social, political , cultural context
we live by stories we tell ourselves and others
stories shape realities construct what we see, feel and do
when story changes the person and listener changes
listen
do not judge
ask client to judge the judges
modify beliefs, values, interpretations create new meaning possibilities from stories
clients strengths, abilities, talents, positive intentions, life experiences, catalyst for change and action
separate person from the problem
create image
client interprets own experience
determine meaning
therapy
goals
build new stories
map effects
describe experience in new language
open possibilities
name the problem, investigate its effect on client
invite client to see story from different perspective
exceptions explored
evidence explored
find audience for story
new meaning, thoughts , behaviour feelings
impact of dominate culture
new options
therapist
active facilitate
not knowing
co author
questions
deconstruct the past by exploring new stories in the present. the past can be changed by creating new story
tech and procedures
no set tech
Carl Rogers
questions
externalise and deconstruct
person is not problem the problem is the problem
problem product of cultural worlds and power
deconstruct stories, look for assumptions, open alternatives
separate self from the problem
locate problem outside of self
defeat self blame and create healing
counteract oppressive problem saturated stories empower change
combat labels and diagnose
map influence on clients life
explore consequences
trace start of problem
exceptions
alternative stories and reauthoring
listen for openings in counter stories
new stories with unique outcomes
future focus
build confidence
new stories create hope
document evidence
family system therapy
intro
1960 -1970 1st wave psychodynamic
behavioural 2nd wave
humanistic 3rd
systems 4th wave
individual best understood through family interaction , difficult adjustment for western practitioners
symptoms , habits and patterns in family
symptoms may be system function rather than individual maladatation
assume clients behaviour is the problem
serve purpose or function in the family
unintentionally maintained
ineffective family operation
dysfunctional patterns handed down through the generations
client is connected to living systems
need to treat family as well as individual
how individuals in system react with one another
system dymamics
actions by members influence and recipitate in family
system change
differences between systemic and individual approach
family have more influence than therapist
how individual acts in within system
how the system influences
create interventions
understand how the individual is embedded in larger system
development of FST
Adler family constellation
phenomenology
behaviour reflects goals
define, interaction, purpose, goals
consequence response to others
Murray Brown
3 generations
differential of self
triangulation
unresolved emotional reactivity
patterns
role of family unit
multigenerational family therapy
Virginia star
human validation model
conjort family therapy
structural strategic family therapy
Minuchin
need to change structure in family before individual symptoms can be reduced
rules and boundaries
most used fst
recent innovation
feminsism, multi, postmodern, social construction,
multi layer process of fst
family multi-layered system
system within other system
effects other systems
patterns, interactions, sequence, purpose,
assess power, alignment, organisation, structure, development, culture, gender
global community, distant family, regions, culture
four movments
family relationships
conduct assessment
hypothesis and sharing meaning
facilitate change :
integrated perspective
intro
1980s
holistic
integrate approaches
function in harmony
eclectic
syncretism
no rational
no more effective then narrow orthodox
syncretic confusion
pathways towards psychotherapy integration
2007 4.2 one approach, 95.8 integrative
technical integration
tech
theoretical integration
tech and theory
assimilative
single school adopt other practises
common factors approach
most common
rogers the therapeutic alliance
most empirically supported
advantages
general framework
accounts for human complexity, no single approach is capable of this
diverse populations
appropriate and ethical
challenges
do not subscribe to one view of human nature
problem of mixing theories with incompatible assumptions
systemic integration
spirituality
multicultural
core beliefs and values reflected in behaviour
find meaning
purpose and strength
cause depression and guilt
goals
solutions
healing, love, caring, learning
compassion, listen
existential questions
treatment and assessment
problems
help or exacerbate clients problems
background and history
therapist
do not judge