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Qaisara WA3 bio revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Positive result: Blue-black
      - Negative result: No change in colour
    - - Eg. of reducing sugars: maltose, lactose
        
        Positive: Brick-red ppt will form
        
        Conclusion: Large amount of RS is present.
        
        Negative: Remains blue, no change in colour
        
        Positive: Green ppt
        
        Conclusion: Low amount of RS present
  - - - POSITIVE RESULTS
        
        VIOLET COLOURATION IS OBSERVED .
        (Nitrogen atoms form complex with Cu2+ ions)
      - NEGATIVE RESULTS
        
        REMAINS BLUE.
  - - - POSITIVE RESULT
        
        CLOUDY WHITE EMULSION IS FORMED (like like like got cloud)
    - - Solution remains clear
  - - - Monosaccharides
        
        Glucose
        
        Galactose
        
        Fructose
      - Disaccharides
        
        Glucose + fructose = sucrose
        
        Glucose + glucose = maltose
        
        Glucose + galatose = Lactose
- - - - Pepsin breaks down proteins to form polypeptides
    - - Churning (contraction of stomach muscles) of food pieces to increase area
  - - - Trypsin breaks down protein to form polypeptides
      - Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch to maltose
      - Pancreatic lipase breaks down small droplets to form fatty acids and glycerol
    - - Intestinal lipase breaks down small fat droplets to form fatty acids and glycerol
      - Intestinal amylase breaks down maltose to glucose
      - Peptidase breaks down polypeptides to form amino acids.
  - - - Emulsifies fat into small fat droplets