Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
DISORDERS RELATED TO MENSTRUATION - Coggle Diagram
DISORDERS RELATED TO MENSTRUATION
Normal menstruation
● Cycle : 21-35 days
● Length : 3- 7 days
● Flow : 30-80ml
Abnormal uterine bleeding
● Vaginal bleeding from uterus
● abnormally frequent, lasts long and flow may be excessive or irregular
● Occurs at any age
● It is an indication of physiological and anatomical disorders.
● Such as endocrine disorders, infections, bllod dyscrasia and malignancies
Dysmenorrhea
● Involves menstrual periods that are accompanied by sharp intermittent pain.
● Usually lasts 2-3 days
● If cause is not known that is classified as primary
● If there is obvious reproductive system pathology, uterine malformation classified as secondary.
Nursing Management
● Patient should be helped relax.
● Applying heat to the lower abdomen.
● Exercise can be helpful
● Ibuprofen 200-400mg three times a day prescribed in first 2-3days of menstruation.
● Management of secondary type underlying cause must be identified and treated.
References.
Juta's complete textbook of medical surgical nursing by Sophie Mogotlane, Motshedisi chauke, Mokgadi Matlakala, Joyce Mokoena & Anne young.
Premenstrual tension
● Characterised by headache, lower back pain and mood swings
● Reported to occur few days before menstruation.
Management
● Patient should be reassured and offered some positive coping mechanism
Amenorrhea
● The absence of menstrual periods in a woman of reproductive age.
● primary amenorrhea refers to delayed menarche
● Secondary amenorrhea refers to cessation of menstruation for one or more cycles.
Causes
Include pregnancy, menopause, endometriosis, stress and contraceptives
Oligomenorrhoea
● Menstrual periods are infrequent and occur in cycles of 35 or more days.
● Usually due to hormonal disprders or contraceptives.
Management
● management of amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea depends on the cause.
Menorrhagia
● Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
● Prolonged and excessive bleeding at the time of regular menstruation.
Management
● Monitor blood loss by counting pads and monitoring their saturation in 24 hour period.
● As anaemia may occur.
Metorrhagia
● Irregular vaginal bleeding between regular menstrual periods.
● Can be a sign of malignancy.
● Needs urfent attention when present
Postmenopausal bleeding
● Occurs 6 months after menopause
● Usually associated with malignancy.
Management.
● Patient must report vaginal bleeding not in line with regular menstruation.
● Woman to be taught to keep menstrual calendar
● Helps health team make their assessments
● Patients diet must be rich in protein and iron to prevent anemia
Menopause
● Permanent cessation of menstruation associated with declining ovarian function.
● Accompanied by hot flushes, mood swings and weight gain
Management.
● Nurse be able to provide support as well as advice on nutrition and exercise.
● Periodic medical assessment should be given.