Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
disorders of menstruation - Coggle Diagram
disorders of menstruation
dysmenorrhea
pathophysiology
hyperactivity of the myometrium with Accompanying uterine ischemia is considered to be of central importance in the causation of pain. prostaglandins seem to be involved to a large extent in the development of the myometrial hyperacticity
symptoms
cramping in the lower abdomen
low back pain
pain that is radiating down the legs
vomiting
diarrhea
causes
causes are sometimes associated with uterine construction, and vasospasms.
diagnostic tests
physical examination and pelvic examination
defination
its a colicky abnormal pain that starts with menstrual flow and lasts for up to almost 3 days
management
patient should relax, and try to apply something like a heat to the lower abdomen and exercises should be helpful. ibuprofen should be helpful 200-400 mg 3 times a day.
menopause
definition
it when by the women reaches the end of their reproductive life. this usually occurs in early age of 40 in some women, it associated with declining of ovarian function
pathophysiology
it occurs when the ovaries are no longer produces estradiol (E2) or inhibit.in this case the FSH and LH now are no longer inhibited by estrogen's negative feedback mechanism.
causes
natural decline of reproductive hormones
hysterectomy
chemotherapy and radiation therapy
primary ovarian insufficient
symptoms
hot flash
decrease in vaginal secretions
mood swings and increase in weight
gradual atrophy of breast tissues and genitals
diagnoses
blood test to be take to check FSH levels and TSH
management
medical assessment should be given to examine any possibilities of a developing cancers especially breast, uterus, ovaries. advise the intake of healthy diet, and exercise.
amenorrheoa
this refers to a delayed menarche, whereby a girl of 16 has not began to show signs of secondary developmental characteristics such as development of breast
pathophysiology
this begins in the hypothalamus, whereby gonadotropin is released. GnRH signals the production of other hormones needed for the egg to mature and for ovulation.
causes
this may include pregnancy, menopause, endometriosis the desires of the patient
symptoms
additional facial hair
hair loss
milky nipple discharge
vision changes
diagnoses
to test for level of testosterone, estrogen, and other hormones in blood.
management
primary amenorrhea
treatment depends on the age of as person and the result of the ovary function test. therefore if there are genetic or physical problems that might involve reproductive organs, surgery may be necessary
secondary amenorrhea
if the person exercised extremely, this may change plan or diet may help to stabilize, stress may be an impact, a person should under go for counselling. premature ovary failure; hormone replacement therapy HRT may cause menstruation to return.
premenstrual tension
condition that affects a woman's emotions, physical, heath, and behavior during certain days of the menstrual cycle, generally just before her menses
pathophysiology
this tension of syndrome is triggered hormonal events ensuring after ovulation.
causes
chemical changes in the brain. fluctuation of serotonin, a brain chemical (neurotransmitter) insufficient amounts of serotonin may contribute to premenstrual depression, as well as to fatigue food cravings and sleep problems
cyclic changes in hormones may impact the hormonal functioning which will disappear with pregnancy an menopause
symptoms
tension and anxiety
depressed mood
mood swings and irritability or anger
trouble falling asleep
management
practice of aerobic exercise can help improve symptoms of PMS, such as depression and fatigue
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, shall be taken before or at the onset of period, like ibuprofen