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Ethnographic Research - Coggle Diagram
Ethnographic Research
Observation Types
General Observation
The results of a scientific investigation whatever its branch of knowledge must be presented in an absolutely clean and sincere way.
Direct observation
Advantage:
It is possible to record the behavior simultaneously with its attendance. There are no retrospective or anticipated elements (memory failures).
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hen the observer is not known there will be no reaction. That is, the subject does not influence the instrument or is influenced by it.
Desventajas:
Resultados de traducción
Difficulty of being present at any moment or interval in which the phenomenon occurs.
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Validity and reliability problem. Risk that the observer becomes a participant in the phenomenon studied.
If the observer is discovered as such, reactivity can arise
Kind of questions
Open questions
Advantage
Spontaneity of responses. No default structure is imposed. Source of relevant information is not known.
Disadvantages
Increased chances of bias due to interviewer, less control. It is difficult to achieve uniformity of criteria among the interviewers to record the response.
Closed questions
Identification (age, occupation, place of birth, etc.)
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Participant observation
The most important method of ethnography is that of participant observation, which in practice tends to be a combination of methods, or rather a style of inquiry.
Types of Interview
Initial Interview
The main personal attributes required in interviews are the same as in other aspects of the investigation; and they always revolve around confidence, curiosity and naturalness
Open Interview
The place where the interview is carried out, how it is graduated, the relationships that exist between the people involved and all the forms it takes, are so many decisive problems.
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Structured Interviews
In the beginning, you need to make contact and make people feel comfortable.
Field Identification
Intervening Dimensions
Field notes should include not only descriptions of what happens in a setting, but also a record of the researcher's feelings, interpretations, intuitions, preconceptions, and future areas of inquiry.
Spaces and Subjects
A detailed description of the setting and the position of the people within it provides important insights into the nature of the participants' activities, their patterns of interaction, their perspectives and ways of presenting themselves to others.
Various Records
Observers must record their own conduct on the field. People's words and actions can only be understood if they are examined in the context in which they were spoken or performed.
Formal Analysis
The clarification and extension of the data through a key report, which points to a basic comparison, deeper considerations behind the observed actions and other related data.
Category Construction
Rudimentary Empirical
The first step is to identify the most important categories, which, in turn, can be divided into groups.
Parallel Readings
Another aspect of ethnographic analysis that can be derived from the elementary type of analysis, operate independently of it, is that of the formulation of concepts.
Diagnostic tests
In the research process, systems models are built and little by little a theory is taking shape, with its different explanatory characteristics.
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