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Craniofacial Anomalies Ch. 17 HB, (CL/CP), By Severity - Coggle Diagram
Craniofacial Anomalies Ch. 17 HB
Crouzon Apert Pfieffer Syndrome Venn Diagram
Developmental defect of 1st and 2nd branchial arch
Hemifacial Microsomia/ Goldenhar Syndrome
Surgical Management
Majority do not require surgical correction
Craniofacial remodeling (8-12 yrs)
Soft Tissue Augmentation (14-15 yrs)
Distraction Osteogenesis of the mandible
O
rbital Distortion
M
andibular Hypoplasia
E
ar Anomalies
N
erve Involvement
S
oft tissue deficiency
Dental Findings
Type 1
Mild hypoplasia of mandible
Type 2
Small, Flat Condylar head Glenoid fossa poorly developed Small ramus
Type 3
TMJ fails & Ramus may be missing completely
Defect is Bilateral
Treacher Collins Syndrome (Mandibular dysostosis)
Malar Hypoplasia
Cleft in the Zygoma Colobomas
Sloping palpebral fissures
External Ear anomalies Choanal Atresia
Surgical Management
GI Tube for feeding Distraction Osteogenesis for respiratory issues Tracheostomy if needed Correction of Choanal atresia TMJ Surgeries
Dental Findings
Mandibular Hypoplasia
Retrusive chin
Class II malocclusion
Large fish like mouth
Pierre Robin Sequence
Hypoplasia of mandible occurs before 9th week of development
Surgical management
Distraction Osteogenesis
Glossopexy (previous method)
Micrognathia
Glossoptosis
U-shaped
Cleft Palate
May need Obturator
May be missing teeth Mandibular growth progresses normally
DiGeorge Syndrome (22q112 Deletion)
Hypernasal Speech Chronic otitis media Long face
Prominent nose
Retrognathia
Learning disabilities (40%)
Abnormal pharyngeal arch: Defective development
Parathyroid glands Thymus Conotruncal region of heart
Most common deletion syndrome
Dental Findings
Velopharyngeal insufficiency w/ or w/o cleft
Small mouth
Hypotonous orofacial muscles
Impaired salivary glands
Enamel Hypoplasia
Increased caries
CL/CP
Cleft Lip (25%)
1 in 700 Births
Types
Unilateral (75%)
Classification
Complete Incomplete Microform
Bilateral
Midline
Cleft Palate (30%)
2x females
1 in 1000 Births
Failure of maxillary 1st Branchial arch to complete fusion with front nasal process
Occurs 4-12th week of gestation
50% assoc with syndromes
Higher incidence in American Indians, Alaska Natives, Latinos, Asians
Cleft Lip w/ or w/o Cleft Palate (45%)
2x Males
Dental findings
Enamel hypoplasia
Dentin Defects
Delayed Eruption
Teeth erupt close to cleft
Niche for food residue
Surgical Management Rule of 10
10 lbs
10 g Hb
WBC <10,000
0-3 mos: Pre-surgical orthopedics to reduce gap in alveolar segment
10 weeks
(3-6 mos) Cheiloplasty
10 months
(10-18 mos) Palatoplasty
1 more item...
Associated Problems
Feeding
Haberman Bottle Pigeon Bottle
Airway, Speech, Hearing, Psychological issues
Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Supernumerary
Natal teeth
By Severity
