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Disorders of menstruation - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of menstruation
Premenstrual tensions syndrome
Defination
It is a cluster of physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms that are usually related to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
Physiology
Premenstrual syndrome disorder are triggered by hormonal events ensuing after ovulation.
Physical symptoms
Fluid retention (bloating, breast tenderness)
Headache
Low back pain.
Affective symptoms
Depression
Anger and irritability.
Anxiety and confusion
Management
Advise the patient to have more nutritious diet.
Reassure the patient and offer coping mechanism.
Use of social support and family.
Encourage the patient to do some exercises.
Spironolactone may be effective in treating fluid retention.
Causes
Cyclic changes in hormones.
Chemical changes in the brain.
Depression.
Menorrhagia
Defination
It is a prolonged or excessive bleeding at the time of regular menstrual flow.
Causes
Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Hormonal imbalance.
Bleeding disorder.
High levels of prostaglandins.
Uterine fibroids.
Clinical manifestations
Bleeding during pregnancy
Menstrual periods last longer than 7 days.
Diagnostic tests
Endometrial biopsy
Pap test
Sonohysterogram.
Hysteroscopy
Management.
Iron supplements.
Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs
Oral progesterone to correct hormonal imbalance.
Oral contraceptives
Surgical management
Dilation and curettage.
Myomectomy
Uterine artery embolization.
Endometrial ablation.