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Mendelian and Extensions of Mendelian Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Mendelian and Extensions of Mendelian Genetics
Mendenlian
Gene
: units of hereditary material, located on chromosome ; control hair texture
Alleles
: -two or more forms of the same gene
-one of a number of alternative forms of the
same
gene ; M,m
Characters
: heritable features that varies among individuals ; hair texture
Traits
: each variant for a character ; straight or curly
Modern genetic terminology
Homozygous alleles
: Both alleles on the homologous chromosome are the
same
; MM, AA, mm, aa
Heterozygous alleles
: The alleles are
different
; Mm, Aa
Dominant alleles
: Alleles of a gene that can mask other traits ; M H A G (upper case letter)
Recessive allleles
: Alleles of a gene that can be masked by a dominant allele ; m g a h (lower case letter)
Genotype
The allelic complement of the organism, the gene ; '
Genetic
Code
' Mm, Aa, HH etc.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the organism or other characteristics, the result of the genes; look that you can take
'Photo'
Laws
1st Law: Law of segregation
:During the development of the gamete, each gene is segregated in such a way that the gamete consists of just 1 allele fir that gene
2nd Law: Law of independent assortment
: Gene for the different traits assort independent of each other during gamete formation
Extension of Mendelian Genetics
Incomplete dominance
: A phenotype somewhere between those of the 2 parental varieties blend together, example red colour and white colour of the flowers blend into pink
Codominance
: 2 alleles each affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways, example white & red camellia cross together show both white& red colors
Multiple alleles
: When gene exist in more than 2 allelic forms
Sex-influenced inheritance
: When traits are influenced by sex. If a male has 1 recessive allele he'll show that trait, but it will take 2 recessive for female to show some trait
Sex-limited inheritance
: Traits that are visible only within one sex
Sex-linked inheritance
: When there is a gene that are found on of the 2 types of sex chromosome but not on both