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Civics and Citizenship - Coggle Diagram
Civics and Citizenship
Australia
type of government
Australia became a representative democracy following their federation on January 1st 1901. A representative democracy is a type of government run by the people for the people. Candidates/representatives are elected on our behalf to make laws that benefit the people. As we were colonized in 1788 by Britain, we have a strong connection to their monarch, therefore making our head of country, the Queen.
levels of government
Federal- federal has the power to make laws that apply to the entire country. Head – Prime Minister – Scott Morrison (ScoMo)
State- can create laws that apply to the entire state, e.g., schools, hospitals. Head – Premier – For WA its Marc McGowan
Local- is responsible for area services, e.g., rubbish collection or small street reparations. Head – Local- Mayors
structure
Australia’s parliament is made up of 3 distinct parts:
The Queen- the queen appoints a governor general to represent in the commonwealth. The queen Is above the constitution, she can dissolve government affairs and even get away with breaking the law.
The senate- The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia and vote on whether or not laws should be allowed to pass or not. There is 76 members
The House of Representatives- the house of representatives is the lower house and works with the senate to pass laws on. There is 151 members
Political system- a way of determining who has power and makes decisions about important matters that affect peoples daily lives
The Queen Governor General+ senate+ house of representatives= Parliament Australia
separation of pwers
Indonsia
type of government
Indonesia became a republic on the 17th of August 1945 after they claimed their independence from the Japanese and Dutch. This means that power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected president rather than a monarch. This differs from Australia as a republic is a form of government where as a democracy is what is said to be an ideology that shapes a government.
Indonesia is the largest economy in South East Asia, and being a republic, it works for their country as it is only small and the people have the power. This makes it fair and no one has less rights than somebody else.
levels of government
district/city
power to make subsets of rules for inner communities.
provincial
power to make laws for their state/province
national
power to make laws, power to administer the law
Each level of government is elected by the people to make laws on their behalf, these are taken once every five years.
structure
In Indonesia there is also two houses but the systems are different. The first system is the Peoples Representative Council and the Regional Representative Council.
The Peoples Representative Council is the lower house and has 560 members, whilst the Regional Representative Council is the upper house and has 132 members.
The lower house must secure 281 votes to have the right to govern Indonesia.
Democracy vs. authoritarian-
Democracy (representative) - refers to a form of government in which the people either have the authority to choose their governing legislators, or the authority to decide on legislation. (direct)
Authoritarianism- the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of person freedom.
Representative, Liberal Democracy
Representative Democracy- a system of government in which the people vote to elect the parliaments and governments that make and implement the laws
Liberal Democracy- A system of government that aims to protect individual rights and freedoms and place limits on the level of government interference or control.
-speech voting equality elections movement
Indonesia + Australia compared
Australia is a constitutional monarchy; the Queen is the head of Australia but we have elected representatives to run the country. While constitutional monarchies still have a king or queen, all of the actual governing power rests in the legislature. The most powerful statesmen in the legislative body are referred to as the prime minister.
The executive body in a republic is usually popularly elected and possesses real power to govern. Indonesia is a republic; they have a president other than a King or Queen.
levels
Indonesia selects a new president every 5 years
In Australia after 2 terms (four years) the prime minister can run again but may not be selected.
type of government
Similar to the US. Constitution, this document outlined three branches of gov.
The idea of separating powers traced back to the French enlightenment philosopher Baron de La Brede et de Montesquieu
australian citizen
Identify- birthparents, name
Moral character- criminal record, terrorism
Residence- living in Australia
Close and continuing links to Australia- job, reason to stay
Knowledge of Australia/language- functional English, know Australian values
key concepts
Democracy- refers to a form of government in which the people either have the authority to choose their governing legislators, or the authority to decide on legislation. (direct)
Democratic values- The ideas or beliefs that make a society fair, including: democratic decision-making, freedom of speech, equality before the law, social justice, equality, social justice.
The west minister system-
Justice-
Participation-
Rights and responsibilities-
Social Issue Research task
Death Penalty description
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for a crime. The sentence ordering that someone be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence.
Countries who execute commonly cite the death penalty to deter people from committing crime. Though the death penalty is often used within skewed justice systems
History behind the Death penalty
The death penalty came to Australia as formal law with the British, but it existed in the customary law of some Aboriginal groups prior to 1788. In the colonial era, state executions could be applied in cases of as little as stealing bread, sheep stealing, forgery and burglary, as well as murder.
Time since last execution in Australia, 3 February 1967
Ronald Joseph Ryan (21 February 1925 – 3 February 1967) was the last person to be legally hanged in Australia. Ryan was found guilty of shooting and killing warder George Hodson during an escape from Pentridge Prison, Victoria, in 1965. Ryan's hanging was met with public protests by those opposed to capital punishment.
Causes
Crimes that would get you the death penalty
Murder
Terrorism-related offences
Treason
Kidnapping
Burglary
Drug offences (drug trafficking)
Arguments for the death penalty
The punishment should ‘fit the crime’
Giving a killer a death sentence will stop them and arguably others doing crime
Prevention of re-offending
Closure and Vindication for families
Even though the death penalty was enforced in some states, looking at it statistically it hasn’t reduced small crime rates but has reduced large crimes.
Prevention of crimes
Community demands for retribution
Historical purposes
Revenge
Impacts
May lose a family member
Wrongful executions
Moral question whether its ok to do it
Whether or not the state should be able to deliver capital punishment
The death penalty mainly reduces major crime rates compared to smaller ones as people are aware of what they are committing, and the consequences for their actions.
This means that the government doesn’t have to worry about finding a suitable placement in jails for these hardened criminals.
The death penalty provides a quicker and more frightening way to deal with dangerous people.
The ringleaders of the Bali Nine were Australians Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran was executed in Indonesia in 2015
People over Australia protested the Bali Nine ringleaders' execution although Indonesia did not listen and executed them
Amirhossein Moradi, Mohammad Rajabi and Saeed Tamjidi were sentenced to for nationwide protests. Iran’s judiciary spokesperson accused them of being “riot leaders”
What’s being done
Countries with the death penalty commonly have people who protest the death penalty such as many parts in the U.S
Although most nations have abolished the capital punishment, over 60% of the world’s population live in countries where the death penalty is present
Organizations such as amnesty are protesting the death penalty and all over the world there are people protesting the death penalty
What wrong with the death penalty
The death penalty is a waste of taxpayer funds and has no public safety benefit and arguably capital punishment does not deter violent crime
Solution to this issue
In some states the death penalty is ineffective, so other solutions are used. These solutions include;
life without parole
more local police and other security roaming streets.
more strict repercussions for breaking the law.
more courts
increase money going towards police and other authorities
increase safety of buildings and security around the community
increase prison sizes
etc
Future change
In the future life without parole/with parole will be a better solution than the death penalty and having a good rehabilitation program that helps people not reoffend
In NSW nearly one in two people leaving prison today will reoffend and return to prison within two years
A future change might be putting most criminals through a strict rehabilitation program for criminals who are in prison for life they can once again be a functioning member of society, and this will be a good change instead of people who have been sentenced capital punishment
Why we think the death penalty should be enforced.
We believe that the death penalty should be enforced as it will provide a more severe consequence for people who commit inexcusable crimes. Enforcing the death penalty would make criminals think twice before they commit heinous crimes.
As such the death penalty should be enforced for people such as serial killers, school shooters etc: these people may include the Claremont serial killer, Ivan Milat, Peter Dupas and the Snow town killers
Conclusion
In conclusion the death penalty doesn’t really have a good effect on small crimes as statistically shown but has had an effect of major crime. The death penalty should only be given to the people who do the most horrendous crimes. There is a saying that fits this argument. If you don’t have the time don’t do the crime.
Prisons full of people who do the most despicable things are being treated as if they were any other criminal. The Death Penalty could be the harsher penalty to deal with these unforgivable people.
The main argument that people are using to go against the death penalty is the right to life, what about those people that have taken other peoples lives from them?
i would like to know more about how Australia plans to create a better place for future generations, whether that be through creating more communities, more safe buildings, more money into education or security, etc.
some threats to democracy
some threats to democracy
terrorism
terrorsim has anaffet on comminities and families
media
meia can cause people to favor certain parties. eg the judge could be persuaded through instagram.
organised crime
people in groups vandalising or teaming up to break the law, can have a major effect on crime rates as when there is too many peopl involved it becomes too hard to track down everyone
lobbies
lobbies are bad bad because they increase drug trafficking