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Plastics (Polymers), Screenshot 2021-09-07 at 8.11.52 PM, Screenshot 2021…
Plastics (Polymers)
Thermosetting plastic (also called Thermoset)
examples of thermosetting plastics
Urea Formaldehyde (Bakelite)
this polymer is hard and brittle -also a good insulator of heat/electricity. Urea Formaldehyde is vastly used for:
electrical plugs
sockets
3.switches
toilet seats
bakelite can be moulded very quickly, decreasing production time. Finished products are:
smooth.
retain their shape.
and are resistant to heat (great factor for why we use it for insulation -resistant to electricity -has low conductivity).
scratches.
and destructive solvents.
Melamine Formaldehyde (Formica)
scratch , water , and stain resistant
. Use for:
laminate in kitchen work surfaces
when plasticised it is called MELAMINE. use for:
children's cups
dishes
Phenol Formaldehyde
tough and heat resistant.
usually the colour: BLACK
used for saucepan handles
Elastomers
springy , rubber like , flexible
These polymers can make:
window seals
surgical gloves
damping in suspension systems
^^ silicon rubber and latex
Epoxy Resins
mixed with HARDENER and left to set. These can be used to create:
adhesives
flooring
Polyester Resins
combined with fibreglass to then produce:
GRP
glass reinforced plastic
definition: a type of plastic that cannot be remoulded after it has been applied with heat and pressure to be shaped into something. Thermoset plastics are normally moulded, cast or laminated. They are difficult to extrude or injection mould because they harden when heated.
Thermoforming plastic (also called Thermoplastic)
definition: these polymers can be melted and recast almost indefinitely. They are molten when applied with heat and harden upon cooling temperatures.
examples of thermoforming plastics :
Polypropylene (PP)
This polymer is
versatile , withstand variable temperatures , and is flexible -can bend without breaking.
yoghurt and butter tubs
crisp packets
garden furniture
car bumpers
Polystyrene (PS)
It is a light, transparent but brittle material.
This produces:
vending cups and model kits
This polymer is vulcanised to make
High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)
. This is used for:
Vacuum forming in thin sheets, which are easy to work with and are cheap!
Expanded polystyrene (EPS)
is used as a
thermal insulator for packaging and food cartons.
^^IT IS 90% AIR!!!
Polymides (Nylon)
These are
TOUGH , HARD , and WEAR RESISTANT
materials, however, can be
difficult to join together
.
^^ they are often self lubricated and machine quite well. They can be used in:
fabrics/cloth
rope
combs
POLYTHENE
(HDPE)
high density polythene is tough and can be:
blow moulded -bottles for bleach and shampoo
injection moulded -toys and buckets
extruded -piping
(
LDPE)
low density polythene is made into thin film
carrier bags
wiring insulators
squeezy bottles
Polychloroethene / Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
PVC can be plasticised by different amounts at a time to create a range of products such as:
window frames
gutters
disposable pens
razor handles
credit cards
PVC is
strong , stiff , chemical and weather resistant
.
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
ABS is
strong , tough , scratch resistant , and resists heat and chemicals , rigid , abrasion and strain resistant
. It is injection moulded to create:
1.lego bricks
and is used extensively for varies household items, like such:
kettles
vacuums
housings for cameras and telephones
Polyesters
used as fibres in
TEXTILES and in CASSETTES and in VIDEO TAPES
polyethylene Teryphthalate (PET) is a
clear
and
tough
polyester.
fizzy drink bottles
babies bottles
Polycarbonates
High strength , good resistors of heat and chemicals -are transparent
.
Used to make:
CD packagings,
bus shelters,
and car lights
.
Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA)
this polymer is widely known as
ACRYLIC
. this material is strong and a GOOD insulator, but may scratch easily.
used for:
glass substitutes
street signs
baths
spectacles
^^
suitable for vacuum forming , line bending , and blow moulding.
Polyurethane
!IMPORTANT!
these can come in thermosets as well as thermoplastics.
can be:
rubbery , rigid , or flexible
. -it is used to make:
car bumpers
shoes
trainers
furniture
although it is often used for foam in seating.
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