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مواصلات - Coggle Diagram
مواصلات
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- Approach control facility
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- Airport traffic control tower
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• Provide pilots with the required information before, after and
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and scientific principles to the planning,
functional design, operation and management
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to provide for the safe, rapid, comfortable,
convenient, economical, and environmentally
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four basic elements
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the traveler, the transportation system, and the trip itself, such that a
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beyond the scope of this chapter, and the interested student should
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factors, they can be considered in four separate categories:
- Actions by the driver or operator.
- Mechanical condition of the vehicle.
- Geometric characteristics of the roadway.
- The physical or climatic environment in which the vehicle
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When designing airports, two major parts must be designed
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• Including the Runway, Taxiway, Holding aprons, Marking, lighting,
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control over future growth, yet flexible
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on specific constraints on the project, such
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• It is a dynamic process to facilitate orderly,
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It must take into consideration all modes, all
traffic, all social, economic, political, and
environmental factors, and all impacts on
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roadway (trucks, buses, lane distribution,
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- Proximity to other airports
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- Traffic operations improvement programs.
- Preferential or exclusive lanes for high-occupancy vehicles
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• The formulation of goals and objectives is an essential task that must be
undertaken before transportation plans can be prepared.
In case of no or delay in funding, noncapital or low-capital cost
improvements are usually used
• Noncapital or low-capital cost improvements such as; change in
regulations, policies, and management
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at a speed close to the design speed of the highway. This speed is referred to as the freeflow speed (uf
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• Traffic Sign can be permanent, temporary, or variable message.
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- Cloverleaf interchanges: four-leg interchanges which have loop ramps
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- Diamond interchanges: four-leg interchanges with single one-way
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- Directional interchanges: generally have more than one highway
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UTP has become known as the 3C (continuing,
coordinated, and comprehensive) transportation planning process.
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transportation engineers, urban planner, economists, sociologist,
computer specialists, geographers, demographers, and other
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generation, distribution, modal choice, and traffic assignment.
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Home- based trip generation is a useful value because it can represent a
significant proportion of all trips
• The traffic flow (q), a measure of the volume of traffic on a highway, is defined as the number of vehicles
(n) passing some given point on the highway in a given time interval(t): q= n/t = (Veh/hr)
Density (k), sometimes referred to as concentration, is the number of vehicles traveling over a unit length
of highway at an instant in time. The unit length is usually 1 mile (mi) thereby making vehicles per mile
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Speed (u) is the distance traveled by a vehicle during a unit of time. It can be expressed in miles per hour
(mi/h), kilometers per hour (km/h), or feet per second (ft/sec).
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a) Slurry pipeline, a system in which the
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b) Pneumatic pipeline, in which air is
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c) Capsule pipeline, in which the size of
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