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Histology Joseph Gonzales P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Histology Joseph Gonzales P.5
Epithelial Tissue
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial
Location: Passageways of Respiratory system
General Characteristics: a single layer of irregularly shaped and differently sized columnar cells; has cilia
Function: Protection
Stratified Squamous Epithelial
Function: protection
Location: Superficial layer of skin, and linings of oral cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canal
General Characteristics: very flat, keratin, which is what makes our skin waterproof.
Simple Columnar Epithelial
Location: found the lining of uterus, stomach, & intestine
Function: protection, secretion, absorption
General Characteristics: single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial
Function: Protection
Location: Lining of ducts or mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas
General Characteristics: many layers of cells, of which the cells on the outmost layer are cube-shaped.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial
Function: Protection and Secretion
Location:Surface of ovaries, linings of kidney tubules, and linings of ducts of certain glands.
General Characteristics: Single layer of cube shaped cells; round, centrally located nucleus.
Stratified Columnar Epithelial
Function: protection, secretion
General Characteristics: Nuclei are near the apical surface
Location: found in male urethra; linings in large excretory glands
Simple Squamous Epithelial
Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis; covers surface
Location: Air sacs of the lungs, linings of blood & lymph vessels
General Characteristics: flat, possessing an oblong nucleus, and having a scale-like appearance
Transitional Epithelial
Location: Lining of Urinary bladder, urethra, & uterus
General Characteristics: dome-shaped near apical surface, cells become flattened
Function: Prevents urine from diffusing back into the internal environment
Nervous Tissue
Dendrite
receives stimuli (receives inputs from other cells)
Axon
output structure of the neuron; sends signal through the entire axon
branching off the soma (cell body)
Soma
cell body of [nervous] tissue
Nucleus
Neuroglia
nerve glue
supports, nourish, and communicates with neurons
does not conduct impulses
bind nervous tissue together, conduct phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
gets rid of dead skin
Neurons
Cells that respond to certain types of environmental stimuli or changes
Coordinate and regulate body functions
Muscular Tissue
Smooth MT
Function: Involuntary movements of internal organs
Location: Walls of hollow internal organs
General Characteristics: Cannot be stimulated to contract with conscious effort
Cardiac MT
Function: Contraction for heart beats
Location: Heart muscle
General Characteristics:Branching cells(fibers), single nucleus, involuntary, striated, pumps blood through heart and blood vessels, and connected by intercalated discs.
Skeletal MT
Function: Moves head, trunk, & limbs
Location: Muscles that attach to bones
General Characteristics: Cells (fibers) are long and cylindrical,
striated; have many nuclei
Nervous Tissue
Function: Coordinate and regulate body functions
Location: Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
General Characteristics: consists of neurons that respond to stimuli in the environment, contains multiple signal pathways
Connective Tissue
Major Cell Type
Mast Cell
large, fixed cells, located near blood vessels
release heparin and histamine
Fibroblasts
most common fixed cell type
arge, star-shaped cells that secrete fibers
Macrophage
engulfs bacteria/dead cells
Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagen (white)
not very stretchy/flexible
examples: tendons, ligaments
thick
Reticular
thin collagen fibers
form branching, supportive networks
example: spleen
has a blossom tree appearance
Elastic (yellow)
Thin
Stretchy/flexible
example: vocal cords
Areolar CT
forms thin, delegate membranes
fibroblasts (main cell)
ground substance of elastic and collagen fibers
Locations: binds skin to underlying tissues, under most epithelial layers, between muscles
Adipose CT
contains adipocytes
stores fat
Functions: Cushions joints & organs, stores energy, insulates body
found under skin, between muscles, around kidneys, around abdominal membranes, behind eyeballs
contains fat droplets
releases quick energy when insulin drops
Dense CT
packed with collagen fibers
has a network of elastic fibers
avascular
poor blood supply (heals slow)
found in tendons, ligaments, deep layer of skin, and the white layer of the eyeball
Cartilage
Elastic cartilage CT
very dark appearance (seen as many eyes)
contains chondrocytes
contained in cavities of lacunae
contains elastic fibers (flexible)
provides framework for external ears and parts of larynx
FibroCartilage CT
Tough tissue containing many collagenous fibers (not flexible)
contains chrondrocyte
contained in cavities of lacunae
found in intervertebral discs, knees and pelvic girdle
Hyaline cartilage CT
Glossy appearance
most common cartilage
found on the ends of bones, respiratory structures and passages
contains chondrocytes
contained in cavities of lacunae
Blood CT
has platelets
clots blood
has white blood cells (leukocytes)
protects against infection/unknown bacteria
has red blood cells (erythrocytes)
carries oxygen
Bone/Osseous CT
collage fibers within matrix allowing some flexibility
supports and protects important cavities such as cranial and thoracic
most rigid tissue; contains calcium sulfate
2 types
Compact
Bone cells, called osteocytes, lie within lacunae
matrix is surrounded by lamellae
cylindrical units called osteons
Spongy
consists of plates
has bars of bone adjacent to small irregular cavities that have red bone marrow
vascular
has good supply
Reticular CT
Contains thin, reticular fibers
Fibers form a 3-dimensional network
Forms a framework for certain internal organs (liver, spleen)
Glands
Endocrine
secretes products directly into bloodstream
located in brain (cranial)
Exocrine
secretes hormones through ducts
in the walls of the stomach, intestines or outside (liver pancreas)
Types of Membranes
Mucous
Line cavities that open outside of the body
Produces mucus
Cutaneous
The skin; dry membrane that is KERATINIZED for protection & water proofing
The Skin
Serous
Consist of simple squamous & longer layer of Areolar CT
Makes fluid
Connective Tissue Membranes
Synovial
makes synovial fluid
Line joints and are composed entirely of connective tissue