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Context “A Doll´s House” - Coggle Diagram
Context “A Doll´s House”
Author
Works
In 1857, Ibsen returned to Christiania to run another theater there. Despite his difficulties, he found time to write "Love's Comedy", a satirical look at marriage, in 1862.
In 1851,he was offered a job as a writer and manager for the Norwegian Theatre in Bergen. He was taught all things theatrical and even included traveling abroad to learn more about his craft.
Ibsen moved Oslo in 1850 to prepare for university examinations to study at the University of Christiania. Living in the capital, he made friends with other writers and artistic types.
In 1865, in Italy, he wrote "Brand", a tragedy about a clergyman whose feverish devotion to his faith costs him his family and ultimately his life.
In 1867, he created one of his masterworks, "Peer Gynt". A modern take on Greek epics of the past, the verse play follows the title character on a quest.
In 1868, in Germany, he saw his social drama, "The Pillars of Society" first performed in Munich. The play helped launch his career and was soon followed up by one of his most famous works, "A Doll's House".
Ibsen questioned frequently the accepted social practices of the times, surprising his audiences and stirring up debate.
This last play made Europe keen about exploration of Nora's struggle with the traditional roles of wife and mother and her own need for self-exploration.
In 1881's: "Ghosts", tackled such topics as incest and venereal disease. The outcry was so strong that the play wasn't performed widely until two years later.
"An Enemy of the People", showed one man in conflict with his community. Some critics say it was Ibsen's response to the backlash he received for Ghosts.
"The Lady From the Sea" (1888), was another one of his plays.
With "Hedda Gabler" (1890), Ibsen created Hedda, a general's daughter, who has come to loathe her scholarly husband, yet she destroys a former love who stands in her husband's way academically.
In 1862, he was exiled to Italy, in 1868 he moved to Germany. In this last place, he wrote the famous play "A Doll´s House".
"The Master Builder" was the first play he wrote after returning to Norway. The main character runs into a woman from his past who pushes him to keep a promise he made.
An old sculptor meets one of his previous models and strives to rekindle his artistic spark in the 1899 novel "When We Dead Awaken." His final performance turned out to be this one.
Childhood
Was born in March 20, 1828 in Skien Norway.
He grew up in the town of Skien, Norway, as the oldest of five children born to Knud and Marichen Ibsen. :
His father was a successful merchant and his mother painted, played the piano and loved to go to the theater. Ibsen himself expressed an interest in becoming an artist as well.
When he was 8 years old, his family beame poor because of his father´s business.They moved to a rundown farm, where Ibsen spent much of his time reading, painting and performing magic tricks.
At 15, Ibsen stopped school and went to work. He worked six years as an apprentice in an apothecary in Grimstad, using his limited free time to write poetry and paint.
In 1849, he wrote his first play "Catilina", a drama written in verse modeled after one of his great influences, William Shakespeare.
In 1891, he was a literary hero and an internationally known dramatist.
His later works appear to have a more self-reflective element, with adult protagonists looking back and coping with the consequences of their prior life decisions. Each drama also tends to end on a gloomy tone.
Final Years
Ibsen became unable to write in 1900, due to a series of strokes. On May 23, 1906, he passed away.
Because he tapped into universal themes and probed the human condition in a way unlike anybody before him, Ibsen's works have stood the test of time.
Ibsen "has provoked more controversy and criticism than any other living man," according to author James Joyce. His plays continue to challenge audiences to this day.
Personal Life
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The couple married in 1858, and their only child, Sigurd, was born the following year. Ibsen also had a son from a previous marriage.
In 1846, while working as an apprentice, he fathered a child with a maid. Ibsen never met the youngster, despite the fact that he helped him financially.
Time and Space
Men and women's roles were more clearly divided during the Victorian era than at any other time in history.
In previous ages, it was common for women to work in the family business alongside their husbands and brothers.
Men began to commute to their places of work, as the nineteenth century proceeded. Wives, children, and sisters were left at home all day to supervise servants who were increasingly performing domestic responsibilities.
There was an ideology of two separate spheres and it resed on a definition of the ‘natural’ characteristics of women and men.
Women were seen to be physically inferior but morally superior to males, making them best suited to domestic life. It was also their job to prepare the next generation to continue this lifestyle.
The fact that women wielded considerable power at home was used as a justification for denying them the right to vote.
"Blue-stocking" was the name given to women who had devoted themselves too enthusiastically to intellectual pursuits.
Pursuing intellectual knowledges, was seen as unfeminine.
Women were not encouraged to be educated, because of the fear of their families to make them unmarriageable.
Women were thought to prefer marriage because it permitted them to become mothers above sexual or emotional fulfillment.
Before the girl's father would give his consent, a young man had to show that he earned enough money to sustain a wife and any future children.
If a young man was especially religious, he could be able to keep his virginity until marriage. Many respectable young men, on the other hand, turned to prostitutes.
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The shadow of the prostitute hung over the well-run middle-class home. She catered to the wants of the males in the house, not only before marriage but also afterward.
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Sexual working, however, uncontrollably enhanced the transmission of sexual diseases.
As expected, women were blamed for these massive transmissions.
The prostitute was a worker in the economic market place, exchanging services for money.
Prostitution thrived as long as there were bachelors who couldn't marry until their late 20s because of the economics, and working-class women who needed to make money to support their own children.