Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Destiny Quinteros P.2 Histology - Coggle Diagram
Destiny Quinteros P.2 Histology
Epithelial Tissue
Simple Squamous Epithelium
*broad thin nucleus
Location: diffusion & filtration sites like air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, lining of blood & lymph vessels, membranes lining body cavities and viscera
Function: exchange gases in alveoli of lungs, line blood, lymph vessles + body cavities
Characteristics - Very delicate, can be damaged easily, thin,flat - single layer of tightly packed cells
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Characteristics: Single layer of cube- shaped cells with the nucleus centrally located
Location: Lines the kidney tubules, covers ovaries, & lines ducts of some glands
Function: Urine formation in kidneys & glandular secretion
*when lining tubules or ducts, free surface faces lumen =hollow canal
Consists: Nuclei, connective tissue, basement membrane, Apical surface, lumen
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Characteristics: Single row of tall elongated cells, Nucleus near the basement membrane
*cells might be ciliated or non-ciliated
*non-ciliated cells line uterus, stomach, intestines, they protect underlying tissue, secrete digestive fluids, & absorb nutrients
Cilia - long extensions from the free surfaces of certain cell, beat in a certain direction to move cells or muscles
Cilia cells are found in the uterine tissue, help move egg cells towards the uterus.
Microvilli- smaller than cilia, increase surface area for absorption
Consists: Goblet cells, apical surface, Nucleus, connective tissue & basement membrane
Stratified Squamous
Characteristics - many layers of flattened cells, outer most layers of cells = squamous cells
Function - Protects underlying tissue, against radiation, & abrasion
Location - lining of vagina, mouth, outer layer of skin, esophagus, & anal canal
Consists: free surface, squamous cells, basement membrane, connective tissue
g
Stratified Cuboidal
Location- forms lining of a lumen sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules
Characteristics - consisted of 2 -3 layers of cells
Function- provides greater protection than single layered
Consists: Lumen, apical surface tissue, nucleus, basement membrane,connective tissue
Pseudostratified Columnar
Characteristics - consists of one layer of cells that’s are in different positions that look like several layers but is only one
Function - secretion, moves mucus, & forms protection
Location - lines respiratory passages
Consists: Cilia that is on top of apical surface, basement membrane, connective tissue, goblet cells, & nucleus
Transitional
Function - Expandable lining, prevents urine from diffusing back into internal environment
Characteristics- irregular shaped cells & different positions
Location - lines the urinary bladder, urethra, & uterus
Consists: Nucleus, free surface tissue, connective tissue, basement membrane
Muscular Tissue
Skeletal muscle
Location - usually attached to bone
Function - voluntary movements of skeletal parts, ex. head, trunk, & limbs
Characteristics - long cylindrical, striated, has many nucleus.
Consists: striations wiggly thin lines, nuclei, & skeletal muscle fiber
Smooth muscle
Function- contraction
Characteristics- lack striation & there spindle shaped / also involuntary - conscious effort
Location - Attached to bone
Consists: smooth muscle cells & nucleus
Cardiac Muscle
Location - heart only
Function - pumps blood into and out of heart
Characteristics - Single nucleus, branching cells (fibers)
Consists: Intercalated discs which are dark lines, striations wiggly thin lines, and nuclei
Nervous Tissue
Characteristics - soma, coordinates and regulates body functions
Location- Spinal cord, brain, & nerves
Function - responds to environmental change, conducts electrical pulses to other muscles and glands
Consists: Soma (cell body), nucleus, dendrites( thinker lines), axon thin lines that go across
Connective Tissue
Loose Connective tissue
Areolar Tissue
Forms thin delicate membranes
Main cell type is fibroblast includes collagen fiber, loose fiber & ground substance
Location- binds skin to underlying tissue, under most epithelial layers, between muscles
Includes: fibroblast, collagen fiber, elastic fiber, ground substance
Adipose Tissue
Includes: Nucleus, fat droplet & cell membrane
Function: protection, insulates, & stores fat/energy
Location: Underneath skin, around kidneys, white part of eye ball & surface of heart
adipoctytes store fat in cytoplasm
Recticular Tissue
Function: support
Location: inner walls of liver & spleed
Include: white blood cells, collagenous fibers & fibroblast
3 dimensional network formed by fibers
Connective Tissue Fibroblasts
Collagen fibers
Thick threads thats is collagen protein
Found - long parallel bundles
Strong structures to hold structures together but isn´t very elastic
Elastic fibers
Thin branching fibers
Add flexibility to some types of connective tissues & are stretchy ex; vocal cords
made up of protein elastin
Reticular fibers
thin fibers that forming branching
supportive networks in many tissues
ex: spleed
Dense Connective tissue
Consists: densely packed collagen fibers & network of elastic fibers
Doesn't have many cells most fibroblasts
collagen fibers so it can withstand pulling forces
Poor blood supply=heals slowly
Found: tendons, ligaments, deep layer of skin & white part of eyeball (sclera)
Cartilage
Rigid connective tissue
Provides supportive framework for various structures, protects underlying tissues, serves as models for bones
lacks vascular system, heals slowly, & cells don't divide often
Abundant matrix, collagen fibers in gel-like ground substance
Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) line within lacunae (chambers) in matrix
Stuctures are enclosed within a connective tissue covering called the perichondrium
Hyaline Cartilage
most common
fine collagen fibers in matrix, appears glassy
Location: end of bones, important in embryonic development of many bones/ growth, & support respiration structures & passages
Elastic cartilage
appears as black think lines
contains elastic fibers in dense network; is flexible
Provides framework for external ears & parts of larynx
Matrix is made up of lamellae
Fibrocartilage
tough tissue, has many callagenous fibers (parallel lines)
Good shock abdorber
Location: intervertabral discs, knee & pelvic girdle
Matrix is made up of chondrocytes.
Glands
Made up of cubodal or columnar cells
Produces & secretes substances into ducts or into body fluid
Endocrine glands
secrete products into ducts that open to body surface
Exocrine glands
Glads secrete into body fluids or blood
Types of Membranes
Mucous
Lines cavities & tubes open to the outside of body
Consists of some areolar connective tissue & a epithelium tissue
Contains- goblet cells ( produce mucus)
location: oral, nasal cavity, tubular organs of digestive system, respiratory, urinary, & reproductive systems
Serous
Lines cavity's that don't open to the outer body ex; thoracic & abdominal cavities
Consists: simple squamous epithelium & layer of areolar connective tissue
double layer membranes
outer parietal portion lines cavity wall
inner visceral portion covers the organs
small amount of lubricating serous fluid, in between 2 layers - secreted by cells of the membrane
Cutaneous
skin
dry membrane
keratinzed to provide protection & is water proofing
Bone
Bone cells: osteocyte
Lucunae (chambers)
Matrix is made up of Lamellae circles around central or haversian canals
Cylindrical units are osteons/ haversion systems
Central canals that have blood vessels, blood distributes cells through tinny tubes called canaliculi
Good blood supply
Most rigid tissue, cosisits of calcium and salts
Collagen fibers allow for some flexibility
Function: protects and supports body structures in cranial & thoracic cavities
Forms red blood cells in red bone marrow
Blood
Functions: transports substances throughout body
Transports substances between interior cells & cells that exchange nutrients, gases, & wastes with the environment
Liquid matrix called plasma