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Properties of Matter, Main Title - Coggle Diagram
Properties of Matter
2.1 Matter has observable properties.
Physical properties describe a substance.
Physical Properties
Properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Examples: color, shape, size, texture, volume and mass.
Ex; Rubber band is stretchy, stretching it doesn't change it's identity.
Density
relationship between mass and volume
def: the amount of matter in a given volume
Units: g/cm^3
Equation: density = mass / volume
Physical Changes
def: a change in a physical property of the substance
Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances.
Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances
Chemical property ex: combustibility, rusting, silver tarnish, bronze tarnish
Chemical change is one substance changing into another substance.
Combinations of atoms are rearranged to make new substances
Chemical changes ex: antacid tablets dissolving, eggs cooking, body dissolving food
Signs of a Chemical Change
1.) Odor Production
2.) Temperature Change
3.) Color Change
4.) Bubble Formation
5.) Solid Formation
2.2 Changes of state are physical changes.
Matter can change from one state to another.
Liquid: Fixed volume and fits container
Solid: Fixed volume and fixed shape
Gas: Not fixed volume or shape
When they change states, its a physical change.
Solids can become liquids and liquids can become solids.
Melting
def: process when solid becomes liquid
Melting point: lowest temperature that a substance will melt at
Melting occurs when particles heat up and begin to move around, and break loose of their solid form.
Substances with an orderly structure melt at a specific temperature.
Freezing
def: when a liquid becomes a solid
As it gets colder, particles slow down and stop forming a fixed shape
Freezing point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a solid.
Freezing point is same temp. as melting point.
Liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids.
Evaporation
def: when liquid becomes gas
As particles in the liquid are moving, the fastest moving ones break away and become gas particles.
Sublimation: When a solid changes directly to a gas.
Boiling
def: another way for liquid to become gas
Energetic particles form air bubbles that rise to the surface, then becoming gas.
Boiling only occurs at temps. above the liquid boiling point.
Condensation
def: when gas becomes liquid
When gas gets cooled, it moves more slowly and attaches to other particles to form water droplets.
Can occur at a range of temperatures
2.3 Properties are used to identify substances
Substances have characteristic properties.
Identifying Unknown Substances
Could use properties like color, odor, density, boiling point and freezing point.
Properties Used for Identifying Substances
Density: Could compare the density of the substance to the known densities of similar other substances.
Heating Properties: Could measure the rate of heat conduction and compare it with rates of other substances.
Solubility: How much of the substance will dissolve in a given volume of liquid.
Electric Properties: Could test the electric conductivity of the substance.
Magnetic Properties: Does the substance attract to a magnet?
Mixtures can be separated by using the properties of the substances in them
Aluminum and metal can be separated by a magnet, the steel will attract to the magnet, the aluminum will repel.
A paper tea bag filter allows water to pass through but not the large pieces of tea.
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