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Geographic Framework, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Francis Soria,…

- - - - One of the few conformal world projections. Its distortions of sizes are nasty, and it is a poor choice for a world map.
    - - On the Mercator projection, scale is true along the equator. When that projection is recentered sideways along a meridian (or line of longitude), scale is true along that meridian.
  - - - This unpleasant item preserves nothing but distance, principally for north-south measurements.
    - - A straight line anywhere on a Gnomonic projection is a great circle route, the shortest distance between two points.
    - - Planar (azimuthal) map projections preserve directions (azimuths) from their center to all other points. The azimuthal equidistant projection also preserves distance.
  - - - Oval shape, preserves area. Rounded map shape suggests the round earth.
    - - To some map experts, what garlic is to vampires. This area-preserving projection’s straight grid makes north-south relationships straight forward.
    - - A common area-preserving map projection. Poor for world scale maps because of shape distortion and peculiar form.
  - - - Goode’s is a common interrupted map projection used for world maps of statistical data.
      - The projection does not distort areas, and shape distortions in the uninterrupted areas of the map are minimized.
  - - - Does not preserve shape or area, but minimizes their distortions in all but polar regions.
      - Usually the polar regions are lopped off and the map presented as a rectangle.
    - - Arthur Robinson’s map projection preserves neither area nor shape, but reduces the distortion of both.
      - Mapping area data on it is OK. The Robinson has rounded sides, suggesting the spherical earth, and avoids excessive distortion near the poles.