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Nationalism in India - Coggle Diagram
Nationalism in India
Struggles after World War I
Customs duties raised
Income tax introduced
Prices doubled in 5 years
Forced recruitment into armies
Crops failed in two years
Influenza epidemic
Satyagraha
Introduced by Gandhi
Emphasised the power of truth
If the struggle was against injustice, no need of physical force to fight oppressor :Gun:
Appeal to conscience of oppressor and persuade them to see the truth
First movements by Mahatma Gandhi
Champaran, Bihar in 1917
Struggle against oppressive plantation system
Kheda, Gujarat in 1917
Amidst a crop failure and plague epidemic, peasants could not pay the revenue, and were demanding relaxation in revenue collection
Ahmedabad, 1918
Satyagraha movement against cotton mill workers
Rowlatt Act
Hurriedly passed in 1919
Powers given to government:
Enormous power to repress political activities
Allowed detention of political prisoners for two years without trial
Rowlatt Satyagraha
Indian activities
Rallies organised in various cities
Workers went on strike in railway workshops
Shops closed down
British response
Clamped down on nationalists
Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar
Mahatma Gandhi barred from entering Delhi
Police fired on peaceful procession on 10 April
Jallianwala Bagh massacre on 13 April
People forced to salute all officers, rub their noses on the street, were flogged, and villages were bombed
Khilafat issue
WW1 ended with defeat of Ottoman Empire (Turkey), with rumours of a harsh peace treaty on the Khalifa, who was the spiritual head of Islam.
To defend Khalifa's temporal powers, Khilafat Committee was set up in 1919.
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali begun discussing a possibility of a movement
Non-cooperation Movement
Necessity
Indians had always cooperated with British
If Indians and British did not cooperate, British rule will collapse, and swaraj will come.
Steps
Surrender of titles awarded by government
Boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods
Full civil disobedience campaign in case repression is used
Tours around the country to raise support
Different strands within the Movement
The movement in the towns
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Rebellion in the countryside
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Towards Civil Disobedience
First steps after NCM
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Two major things which shaped Indian politics in late 1920s
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Salt March
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