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Education - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Professors, authors, sleep doctors and neurologists
  - - - Paper
        
        Less words, but retained better
        
        Writing is better than typing (working memory)
      - Computer
        
        typing gives speed advantages, more words
        
        Retained less, but the info was processed less in the brain
        
        Note taking apps: Evernote, Onenote, Dropbox paper
    - - What to record?
    - - Gauge early on in the classes
        
        first impression lasts
      - Syllabus
      - Study guides or review materials
      - Mental notes
      - When professor says it is important - note that
      - Big Ideas - Summaries, Overviews, or Conclusions
      - Bullets lists
      - Terms and Definitions
      - Examples :check:
    - - Outline Method
        
        1) Main Idea a) Subtopic a.1) Details a.2) Example
        
        Can become rigid and looks same like other notes
      - Cornell Method
        
        Divide your notes into three distinct sections
        
        Cues
        
        Main Ideas, Questions that connect points, Diagrams, Prompts to help you study
        
        Helps frame most important info
        
        Notes
        
        Record the actual class notes here
        
        Summary
        
        write 1-2 sentences for the big ideas
      - Mind Maps
        
        Like this mind map
  - - - NO
        
        Time is not Limitless
    - - Assigned Readings (into 2 groups)
        
        Class favored source (Main textbook)
        
        Supplemental reading
        
        Hierarchy for prioritizing them
        
        Arguments
        
        Description of events or people
        
        Context
        
        Like press clippings or speeches
        
        Read, skim or skip
    - - 1-2 words at a time is only possible
        
        Working memory
      - Saccade (back and forth), Fixation (pause) and Regression (go back and re-read)
      - Skip glue words like "the"
        
        But reread important concepts
        
        Read first and last sentence of the paragraph
        
        Or other formatting like bold, italics are tables
      - 200- 400 words per minute is the range
      - Read more, deep and difficult content
        
        Practice
      - Timed reading goals
      - Highlight only ultra important
        
        Instead use dots and dashes
      - Active Reading System: SQ3R
        
        Survey
        
        Pre reading - Skimming the material
        
        Question
        
        Before starting the reading frame questions that come to mind
        
        Helps focus on most important bits
        
        Read
        
        Recite
        
        Take notes of important points
        
        Review
  - - - Sensory Memory
        
        Process everything
        
        But most info are lost immediately
        
        Whatever stays sticks in short term memory
        
        for 15-30 seconds only
        
        4-7 bits at a time
        
        Somewhat increase it by splitting into chunks (limited)
        
        Memory formation is physically changing the brain but forming new connections
        
        It takes time
        
        Cramming doesn't work
        
        Space your learning out in time (repeat it after certain intervals) :check:
    - - Brains remembers tangible, visual and uncommon than it does with abstract or the mundane :<3:
        
        Mnemonics: System to remember info
        
        Like after school to college
      - Forgetting Curve
        
        Evolved into forget to learn theory
        
        Storage strength
        
        Books are kept
        
        Retrieval strength
        
        But the librarian in unorganised
      - Spaced Repetition
        
        Increase time to revise with every session on an information
        
        Leitner System
        
        Box 2
        
        Every three days
        
        Box 3
        
        Every week
        
        Box 1
        
        Everyday
        
        Flashcard
        
        If got right move to the next box otherwise move to Box 1 again(even from any box)
        
        Box 4
        
        Every 2 weeks
        
        Box 5
        
        Every Month
        
        Apps like Anki, Quizlet etc
      - Recognition (by seeing able to remember) Vs Recall (without seeing able to remember :explode:)
        
        Active recall by quizzing urself
  - - - Planning Mode
      - Robot Mode
        
        Do the Work mode
        
        Program it and give good enviroment
    - - Contains two elements
        
        Idea
        
        Tasks
        
        Events
        
        Ideas
        
        intangible info to save and access later
        
        Store
        
        Notes
        
        Handouts
        
        Any other output
      - Framework
        
        1) Task Manager :check:
        
        Place to record what needs to be done
        
        System
        
        Task's Details
        
        Due date
        
        Also brings up what is due immediately
        
        Any project management software
        
        Trello
        
        2) Calendar :star:
        
        Remember upcoming events
        
        Might be same as the Task Manager
        
        Might keep it different from task manager
        
        Google calendar
        
        3) Note-Taking System :pen:
        
        Evernote
        
        Apple's Notes
        
        Sticky notes
        
        4) Physical Storage for Paper Documents :smiley:
        
        Hands carry notebook
        
        Long term Notes
        
        Passwords and other important info
      - Scheme for Keeping it Organised
        
        Set of rules to help you keep your system organised
        
        Arrange Folders in Form of Branches
        
        Folders inside Folders
        
        Color code your tasks and calendar events
        
        Use the system correctly and at all times :explode:
        
        Remove friction for the process
        
        Commit to entering things in correct place the moment they come up :check:
    - - Contexts
        
        Weekly
        
        Sunday
        
        Daily
        
        Few minutes each day at the night, plan next day
      - One day per week to do review session of your tools
        
        Reflect on the last week
        
        Avoid getting into entropy - chaos
  - - - Two forms of attention
        
        Top Down or Voluntary Attention
        
        Read a page or solve a math problem
        
        As time goes by you get tired and get distracted
        
        Strength of your inhibitory mechanism depends on
        
        Your Environment
        
        Your tendency to seek novelty when bored
        
        Interest in the task
        
        Brain's current state
        
        rest, exercise, food and anxiety
        
        How ling you have been focusing already
        
        Bottom up or Stimulus Driven
        
        From the environment
    - - 1) Stop multitasking
        
        Energy waste in refocusing and switching
        
        Alleast spend 20-30 minutes before switching
      - 2) Tailor your environment for better focus
        
        Space only for doing work
        
        One context - Powerful
        
        Location, people, environment point to a single activity you will be more likely to do it
        
        Fewer things competing for your attention, better
      - 3) Put away non-essentials
        
        Anticipate potential future distraction and put away (like your phone)
        
        Tell others not to bother at that time
      - 4) Break down tasks to smaller chunks
        
        Helps in deciding and avoiding unnecessary things at each chunk
      - 6) Improve your ability to focus (like working out)
        
        avoid novelty (new unimportant excitement ) - like checking social media
        
        Every time you crave in for a distraction you are disturbing the habit
        
        Control the craving and get back you improve the tolerance of focus
      - 7) Take breaks - brain works in the cycle of rest and work
        
        Every 30 minutes
        
        Few minutes break - stand up, stretch, walk around a bit and maybe get some water
        
        During breaks don't switch to another task and get involved in something distracting, as it creates attention residue :red_flag:
        
        Then take a longer break and that time you can relax and do something but plan it before when the breaks end
        
        Brain needs physical and biological needs as well
        
        Sleep, nutrients and exercise to work at peak efficiency
  - - - Temporal Motivation Theory
        
        Motivation = (Expectancy x Value) / (Impulsiveness x Delay)
        
        Expectancy - Your sense of competence and ability :star:
        
        Value - Reward you will get; How pleasant the experience of doing it :checkered_flag: :smiley:
        
        Impulsiveness - how susceptible you are to distractions :black_flag:
        
        Delay - Amount of time from now to getting the reward :timer_clock:
        
        Longer the delay more the procrastination
        
        So brains focus on short term
    - - Break down into smaller tasks :check:
        
        Order them as steps
      - Ask for help :silhouettes:
        
        Teacher
        
        Friend
    - - Improve actual Reward
        
        Choose work that is most fulfilling to you
        
        Actually has less control
      - Experience of Doing the work itself :recycle:
        
        Choose your favorite spot
        
        Study music playlist
        
        Work with a friend
        
        Quick walk before the work to increase energy levels
      - Add additional rewards for sub tasks
        
        Gamification
        
        App like Habiltica
        
        Productivity into role playing
        
        Leveling up, experience points and gear and applies them to real life
        
        Low Density Fun Vs High Density Fun
        
        Low Density : Social Media :red_flag:
        
        Distraction
        
        Focus on High Density Fun :check:
        
        Meeting Friends, Watching Movie
        
        Creates anticipation
    - - Environment really matters :fire:
        
        Refer focus and concentration concepts
      - Apps like Coldturkey that blocks sites
    - - Willpower
        
        Body and Brain functions in the cycle of Rest and Work
      - Do the most difficult and challenging thing at first on your to-do list
        
        Do it first thing in the morning
    - - Needs
        
        Timer
        
        25 minutes
        
        Piece of Paper
      - Set timer to finish a task and if a distraction comes up write it down on the paper and get back to work
        
        After timer goes off take a 5 minute break and get back
      - Works because timer helps you reframe your task as input based rather than output based
        
        Just for 25 mins feels like a small work
        
        Timer acts like a coach
  - - - Therefore you will need to control external factors
    - - Build it directly into your calendar
      - Enter exact dates and times of your exams
        
        Colour code
        
        Break Down Tasks and Put them before the Due Date
      - Study time replicate the test conditions (Environment)
        
        as it is context based
        
        What type of questions?
        
        What materials are allowed
        
        Previous year question papers
        
        Student organization
        
        Koofers.com
        
        Now docsity
    - - Established Study Space
        
        Try to study in your classroom where exam happens or try to replicate the room
      - Timer and quiz yourself without the materials
      - Focus on recall
      - If teacher did not give quizzes create yourselves
        
        Flash cards
        
        Facts and vocabulary are good with this
        
        Problems spend time actually working on them
        
        When you are stuck
        
        2) Ask for help?
        
        1) Ask urself exactly what you did not understand?
        
        Write down the solution
        
        Rubber duck the problem
      - Make a index card
        
        Forces you to put down the most important
      - Spend time to relax
        
        Cycle of work and rest
  - - - "Fear doesn't go away. The warrior and the artist live by the same code of necessity, which dictates the battle must be fought everyday"
    - - Too much is not good
        
        Learn how to mange it
    - - Causes of Anxiety
        
        A fear of repeating past failures
        
        Negativity Bias - tendency to give more emotional weight to negative events
        
        1) Realize you are not defined by your past successes and failures
        
        At anytime you can do things differently than you did in the past
        
        Analyze your past failures and improve on them :check:
        
        understand and figure out why?
        
        Fear of unknown
        
        Try to gain as much experience as you can about the exam
        
        Replicate the test conditions
        
        So that it feels it is not the first time
        
        Fear of stakes
        
        Think of it as a learning opportunity rather than a judgement
        
        Active recall strengthens your mastery
      - Write down exactly what make you anxious
        
        Can reduce test anxiety
        
        Take out and store it somewhere
      - If persistent ask for professional help
  - - - Start the paper with a pre writing phase
        
        Then go to research
      - Pre writing helps you identify the things which you already understand
        
        More focused research
      - Jump in and make a mess first
        
        Brain dump - timer of 25 minutes
        
        Write down important points
        
        Also external resources that you might want to look at during the research process
    - - Research Recursion Syndrome
        
        Get stuck in a loop of constantly looking for yet another resource
      - Solution Framework
        
        Find your resources
        
        Books or Internet
        
        Start is Wikipedia
        
        Citation section of Wikipedia (Good sources)
        
        Bibliography of science books
        
        Write the notes
        
        So that you dont have to go back and review again
        
        Skim and highlight relevant arguments you want to make and add to notes
        
        Ask yourselves if you are done? :open_mouth:
        
        Atleast two sources for each main point in your thesis
        
        Atleast one for any tangential or non-crucial points
        
        If No
        
        repeat the process
        
        If Yes
        
        Write the final draft
        
        Final Draft
        
        Make an imperfect draft
        
        Let the initial act of creation be free of scrutiny and restraint
        
        Perfectionism kills
        
        Write the first draft in a different App than the Final Draft
        
        Edit the Draft
        
        Two stages
        
        1) Content edit (Effective communication)
        
        Looking the paper as a whole and asking
        
        4 more items...
        
        2) Technical edit
        
        1) Spelling and Grammar mistakes
        
        2) Poorly structed sentences
        
        3) Formatting errors
        
        4) Sentences that just don't sound right
        
        Print it and go over in hand
        
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  - - - Lift your heart rate up and improve brain functions
    - - Brain develops due to movement
      - Thinking is the evolutionary internalization of movement
        
        Brains are creatures that move
      - Lose bone density
      - Heartrate increases and improves brain function
      - 3 levels
        
        Optimizes the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
        
        All crucial for learning
        
        Serotonin
        
        Regulates your mood and keeps you happy
        
        Norepinephrine
        
        Amplifies attention and motivation
        
        Dopamine
        
        Learning, movement and brain's reward center
        
        Simulates neurogenesis
        
        birth of new neurons
        
        Use it or lose the new neurons
        
        Therefore learn new things
        
        Improves the ability of neurons to bind to one another
        
        New pathways are formed
        
        memories take hold
        
        This enables long term learning
      - Improves the ability to focus and block distractions and reduce stress
    - - going for a run before study is good
      - Elevated heart rate with complex and skill based movements
        
        Sports
      - Intense yoga
      - Focus on building the habit
- - - - MOOCs - video formats 2012 fame
        
        most hype is dissipated
  - - - understand the video and reflect on the content
    - - to understand what you have learnt
      - to quiz yourself what will come next & answer
  - - - 1) Effective learning involves getting timely and relevant feedback
        
        But how to give feedback when there are millions of learners with few teachers :star:
      - 2) How does a teacher grade a million assignments?
      - Solving these problems involves hybrid, human-technology systems
        
        Useful but controversial
        
        1) Students could give each other feedback
        
        But are often pretty bad at doing so
        
        Why? :warning:
        
        Because students are expert in subject matters but not teachers
        
        But can be solved using technology :tada:
        
        1 more item...
        
        2) Grading can be done with automated systems while humans do the rest
        
        Even writing portions can be graded
        
        3) Algorithms are being developed that provide personalized learning experiences,
        
        Netflix's personalized recommendations
        
        To achieve this software needs to know what the learners know and what they dont know
        
        With the understanding the software can present the right material at the right time
        
        to give each learner practice on the things that are hardest for them, rather than what they are good at already
        
        Called "Intelligent Tutoring Systems" (ITS) - AI
        
        Breaking down an hypothetical tutoring system
        
        1) Imagine a student is solving algebra and has to solve the equation "3x + 7 = 4"
        
        the correct next step to solve it is by subtracting "7" from both the sides
        
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        Domain Model
        
        Combination of production rules and selection algorithms
        
        formal representation of the knowledge, procedures and skills of particular discipline (like algebra)
        
        May assist learners on any individual problem, but are insufficient for helping students cove a whole curriculum
        
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        (BKT) "Bayesian Knowledge Tracing" :information_source:
        
        The algorithm treats student knowledge a set of "latent variables", which are variables whose true value is hidden from an outside observer, like our software
        
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        Traces updates and estimates the student's knowledge by observing the correctness of each interaction using that skill
        
        1 more item...
        
        (ITS Often uses) Student Model + Bayesian Knowledge :explode:
        
        Keeps a running assessment of each skill the student is supposed to know
        
        Equations
        
        2 more items...
        
        ITS + SM + BKT = Mastery Learning :star:
        
        where students practice skills until they are deeply understood
        
        Adaptive sequencing
        
        1 more item...
        
        From the data of millions of students and data
        
        3 more items...
        
        Future
        
        4 more items...
- - - - Dictionary definition
    - - Any kind interactive entertainment is a Play Thing
        
        Without a Goal
        
        With a Goal
        
        Challenge
        
        No other active agent
        
        Puzzle
        
        Second Party Involved
        
        Conflict
        
        Competitions
        
        1 more item...
        
        Games
        
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    - - Reward students with badges when they pass tests or complete homework assignments
      - Complete with friends for highest points
  - - - Fun
      - Mysticism
      - Skill
      - Chance
  - - - Rules of the game
      - Understand rules deeply to from better winning strategies
    - - How to ?
      - Help outside the games where the skill is actually used
    - - Improves qualities of the mind: foresight, circumspection and caution
      - Art of war
      - Improves academic achievement like math, spatial analysis and non-verbal reasoning
    - - Teaches rigors of pioneer lifestyle in travel
      - Limited resourses
        
        Optimization
        
        Budgeting
      - Short and Long Term Consequences
    - - No worry about failing
  - - - Play testers
    - - Space
        
        Look and feel of the game
        
        Sounds
        
        Lighting
        
        Color
        
        Physical space like walls, doors, whether etc
        
        Acts as defining feature of other Elements, Space influences which characters are chosen, what feelings are evoked, and what activities can take place
      - Components
        
        Includes everything from the characters in the game to the weapons and vehicles they use and pretty much any object in the game the player comes into contact with
      - Mechanics
        
        What the player can do in the game
        
        Think verbs
        
        creating and spelling in scrabble
        
        Core activity that players do over and over again
      - Goals
        
        What players are trying to achieve to actually win the game
        
        Game designers must think about what they want the player to achieve and map out a way for them to reach it
        
        Examples
        
        Work cooperatively to discover cures in a pandemic or simply survive hordes of zombies
        
        Game designers should understand gamers wants and needs
      - Rules
        
        Rules help players understand how to play the game, but they also help create the play experience of the game
        
        Game's contraints
        
        What they can and cant do
    - - Challenge
      - Narrative
      - Fantasy
      - Discovery
    - - created engaging dice games
      - Four principles
        
        Downtime is the enemy
        
        Waiting too long on a turn can cause players to lose interest
        
        Its should be exciting and active
        
        15 seconds if longer (45 seconds) designers have to justify with the fun of the respective turn
        
        No more than one turn
        
        Not fun and messes the probabilities
        
        Give chance to react to the dice
        
        Other to react and make it more engaging
        
        Low rolls should not suck, high rolls should not rule
        
        No zero-sum game, should be a game of probabilities
    - - Two or three players is the sweet spot
        
        Decreases downtime
      - Playtime
        
        Should last around 2 hours
        
        Short- players not satisfied and long games can lead to burnout
      - " Feel like something meaningful, feel like the game had a beginning and had a middle and had an end, and that you were engaged"
        
        Keep them challenged
        
        Mix of luck and strategy
        
        Strategy - Skills
        
        Luck - Randomness to keep them coming back
      - "Balance"
        
        Players must feel as though each have a change to win. That means creating game play that doesn't favor any rule at the start of the play.
    - - Meaningful Play
        
        Two types of meaningful play
        
        Descriptive Type
        
        A player takes an action and the game responds
        
        Evaluative Type
        
        Player is encourages to take wider view of actions questioning why they are doing specific actions and what this means to the game in its entirety
      - Balance
        
        Every Advantage has a Disadvantage
        
        Rock paper scissors
      - Design the middle to be engaging and then design the entry level