Civics and Citizenship

Key Concepts

Democratic Values

Democracy: system of Government run people for people --> Determin how they are ruled/managed

Representatives Democaracy: representatives elected --> laws on our behalf

Equality: rights and resposibilities for all --> no discrimination: gender, race, religion, age, sex, level of education --> same opportunities

Respect: treat with consideration, value views, beliefs, rights

Freedom: Rights, privlleges and responsibilities for all without intereference/control-->from other citizens/government

Fairness: all treated fairly

18+ required to vote state/Federal elections -local: optional

Westminster System: parliament system consisting 2 chambers/houses elected by people make laws on behalf

sovereign (king, queen, governor general) --> acting head of state --> give approval to all laws from parliament

Aus federal and state state gov--> westminster system

Justice: people treated fair, balance for all --> key features of WA and Australia legal system designed --> deliver justice to all --> right to fair trial, legal representation, unbiased juries

Participation: good citizens contribute /take part in society --> voting election/referendum, jury duty, paying tax

Rights and Responsibilities: etitlements & duties as citizens, Rights= vote, trial by jury, freedom of religion.
Responsibilities= vote in elections, jury service, obey law

Key Features of Australia's System of Government

Separation of Powers

System of Government - Aus and Indonesia

Threats to Australia's democratic system

Safegruards to Australia's democracy

Principles of Australias government system:
-Government must protect rights & freedom of individual
-Government must make laws that reflect views & values of the people
-Governemtns must be accountable to the people
-There must be separation of power --> no single group or body within our parliamentary system has power over both political & legal systems

3 levels of Gov: local + State + Federal

Fundamental principle of law that maintains that all three organs of government remain separate.

Requires that the judiciary, the executive and the legislature all remain distinct from each other to ensure that the diff arms of gov do not encroach upon each other

Corruption

Organised Crime

Lawlessness

Influence of those with vested interests

Corruption Perceptions Index

Media Bias & Voting

most voters gain info --> media

essential that media present impartial & unbiased info especially lead up to election

democratic systems relies on individuas being ablt to make informed decisions abt which political party would make laws --> best reflect their views & values

Concerns that small amnt of wealthy indiviuals & lrge corporations --> able to have disproportionate amnt of influence over gov policiy in Aus --> large donations to political parties who beifit interest

Eg. Charles Bas (co-founder mining comp) donate $200000 --> Liberals

Crimminal groups & networks --> undertake very carefully planned crimminal activities

threatens --> national security/safety of citizens

Cost economy $15 mill per year

immoral abuse of power --> personal gain

Aus viewed --> one of least corrupt public or gov sectors in world. Ranking v in last five years ^ corruption, bribery & fraud in carious organisations

associated w/ gangs --> act unruly & ometimes violent manner --> no regard for law

^ no. of young gangs over recent years

involved: street violence, vandalism & organised crime

risk to public safety

an index which rates countries "by their percieved lvls of public sector corruption, as determined by expert assesments & opinion surveys:, Corruption --> "abuse of entrusted pwr for private gain

Social issue Animal Abuse

United Nations

Australia's international responsibilites

cause

impact

solutions

future suggestion

description

Human rights- entitlements that all human beings possess regardless of their nationality, place of residence, sex, ethnic origin, colour, religion or any other status.

Peacekeeping- Un peacekeeping assists countries who have been torn by conflict to achieve lasting peace. It does this by:

Foreign aid- assistance in the form of money, skills or other resources transferred from one country to another, mainly for humanitarian reasons.

Environmen- UN pays an important role in brininging countries together to agree on set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

examples of work done by the UN

people elect the government

Governments uphold our shared values

The right to dissent

Processes to resolve differences

Each state, territory & federal parliament is elected by the ppl

Compulsory voting means out governments have the support of majority of the people

main feature of democracy --> parliament makes & enforces laws that protect out shared values so that all citizens treated equal

laws that protect out right to

Basic health care

education

Fair trial

Life

Security

Individuals have right --> appose/disagree w/ views held by gov

Freedom of speech & freedom assembly allow us t protest w/out fear of punishment

In order to keep peace, pocesses exist --> help groups/individuals ressolve their problems/disputes

Process can be in formal settings (courts) /informal domestic settings:

Negotiation- parties get together and try to discuss key isues in disute to reach settlement between them.

Mediation- parties meet w/ independent 3rd party --> helps them discuss issues & reach mutual resolution.

Reconciliation- process of reneing a relationship between parteis, usually required forgivness.

International organisation created in 1945. seeks to promote international cooporation. After WWII hoped this international organisation, devoted to world peace --> prevent wars

UN has 193 members and is commited to:

International peace and security in the world

creating friendship between nations

helping nations work together to assist poor people, alleviate hunger and disease, promote literacy, and promotes respect for people's rights and freedoms

providing a central point where nations can come together to achieve the above-mentioned goals

Vaccinatees 58 per cent of the world's children, saving 2.5 million lives a year

Assists over 34 million refugees and people fleeing war, famine or persecution

Provides food to 90 million people in 75 countries

Combats climate change; works with 140 nations to prevent harmful mercury emissions

overseeing elections

disarming those who were involved in fighting - for example, controlling and disposing of weapons

Protecting civilians - civilians are those who are not on active duty with the military, navy, polive or fire-fighting organisations

protecting and promoting human rights

Maintaining peace and security in a region

restoring rule of law to a region, meaning that legal institutions including the government, police, courts and prisons are strengthened and are accountable for their actions.

Countries in our immediate region are the main recipients of foreign aid;

Indonesia

Solomon Islands

East Timor

Myanmar

Fiji

Cambodia

The UNiversal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN in 1945 and is considered to be the basis of international human rights law.

Aus was one of the countries that helped to create the Universal Declaration. Some of the rights in the Universal Declaration are:

No one should be subject to randomly being

No one should be subject to torture or slavery

Everyone has the right to life

Everyone is entilitled to the same rights and freedoms

All people are born free and equal

No one should should be subject to randomly being arrested, detained or exiled

Range of behaviours that are harmful to animals, from neglection to malicious killing, bu tsometimes the harm is unintentional

Intensive animal farming

Animlas in entertainment industry

Animals used in testing

instance of cultivating something excessively

Animals are used extensively in the entertainment industry, including in circuses; zoos and pseudo-sanctuaries

Many different species are used around the world, but the most common include mice, fish, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, farm animals, birds, cats, dogs, mini-pigs, and non-human primates

Criminal violence and domestic abuse are more prone to happen

Extinction and environmental collapse are slao potential consequences

animal cruelty affects young minds

causes young minds into a more aggressive state

Large decrease in animal life or large mistreatment can effect the ecosystem teriibly

Over farming/fishing is large cause of this with consequences like land degradation

Demand stricter laws of the protection of animals. Animal welfare rules that are more stringent and have harsher punishments will result in fewer incidences of animal crueltry

Donate to Rescue Groups

Teach Compassion for animals to kids

Purchase humane animal products

Stop littering and reduce

Indonesia

Australia

History

Separation of power

Australia's type of government

Structure of Australia's parliament

Levels of Gov

Separation of power

Indonesia's type of government

Structure of Indonesia's parliament

Levels of Gov

History

On 1st Jan, 1901 a parliamentary law was passed to unite the colonoies to form a federal system of government

During 1788 the first fleet of british ships landed, beginning of the colonisation of Aus

State

Local

Federal

Lower house (house of representatives) 151 --> Upper house (Senate) 76 --> English Monarch represented by governor general

Representative Democracy

Head of state: the Queen

System of gov run by ppl for ppl

Legislative: Power to make laws

Executive: Power to administer the law

Executive: Power to apply the law

House of representatives

Senate

Governor genral --> prime minister and senior ministers --> government departments

High court --> other federal courts

In 1942 after claiming independence from the Dutch and Japanese

In teh nation's first direct presidential election in 2004 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was elected president

national Provincial

Provincial

District

Lower house 9people's consultative assembly) 560 --> upper house (regional representatives) 76 --> president

Republic: ppl vote to determine government instead of hereditary monarch

indonseia leaning towards a more representative democracy

Power to administer laws --> President

Power to apply laws --> Court judges

Power to make laws

National

Provincial

District

Similarities & Differences

Same

Indonesia

Australia

bill has to be passed by both houses

administrating the law is held by the GG, PM & Government departments

Monarchy

Both houses have less members

Bicameral houses

Representatives are elected to make laws on behalf of ppl

separation of powers, three lvls of government that do similar things

administrating the law is solely done by the president

Republic

Both houses caontain more members

The bill is able to be passed without being approved by both houses

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Westminster

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