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Development in Childhood - Coggle Diagram

- - - - development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint
  - - - unnecessary alarmed
        
        fall behind developmental norms
        
        these are group averages
        
        variations are normal
  - - - some cultures
        
        provide special practice
    - - some cultures
        
        discourage motor exploration
    - - accelerate / slow early motor development
- - - - emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment
  - - - mothers associated with event of being fed
        
        conditioned reinforcer
    - - infants
        
        biologically programmed
        
        emit behavior
        
        triggers affectionate response
    - - programmed by evolutionary forces
        
        captivated by this behavior
        
        respond with love
  - - - play & explore comfortably
        
        mother present
        
        become visibly upset
        
        leaves
        
        quickly calmed by her return
    - - appear anxious
        
        mother near
        
        protest excessively
        
        leaves
        
        not particularly comforted
        
        her return
    - - seek little contact
        
        not distressed
        
        leaves
    - - influencial
        
        sensitive & responsive to child needs
        
        promote secure attachment
    - - slow process of attachment
        
        type of attachment
        
        depend on nature of infant temperament
        
        & mother's sensitivity
    - - important consequences
        
        subsequent development
        
        children develop internal working models
        
        influence future interactions
    - - relatively secure attachment
        
        resilient
        
        socially competent
        
        high self-esteem
        
        more advanced language development
  - - - children's attachment r/s
        
        mothers senstive
        
        amount & quality of daycare
        
        unrelated to attachment security
    - - mothers relatively insensitive
        
        children experience low quality daycare
    - - vulnerable to potential -ve effects of low quality daycare
  - - - universal feature of human development
    - - factors that promote secure attachment
        
        outcomes associated with secure attachment
        
        vary
- - - - sound structure
        
        native language
        
        babies start learning basic vowel sounds
        
        in mother's womb
    - - gradually more complex
        
        increasingly resembles
        
        language spoken by parents
    - - 6-9 months
        
        capable of producing words
        
        10-13 months
        
        utter sounds
        
        corresponds to words
        
        first words
        
        1 more item...
  - - - larger than productive vocab
        
        comprehend more words
    - - one factor
        
        rapid growth of vocab
        
        process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure
      - often add words
        
        after encountering objects that illustrate these concepts
    - - child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects / actions than it is meant to
    - - child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects / actions than it is meant to
  - - - mainly content words; articles, prepositions & other less critical words are omitted
    - - express complex ideas
        
        usage of plurals / past tense
        
        overregularizations
        
        occur when grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized to irregular cases