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Personality Development - Coggle Diagram

- - - - first year of life
        
        infant
        
        depend completely on adults
        
        take care basic needs
        
        basic biological needs met
        
        sound attachments formed
        
        develop optimistic & trusting attitude
    - - second & third year of life
        
        toilet training
        
        regulate the child
        
        take personal some responsibility
        
        feeding etc.
        
        all goes well
        
        sense of self-sufficiency / autonomy
      - parents never satisfied
        
        parent-child conflict
        
        constant
        
        develop sense of shame & self doubt
    - - age 3-6
        
        challenge
        
        function socially within their families
      - children thinking of their own needs & desires
        
        instill feelings of guilt
        
        self esteem suffer
      - get along
        
        sense of initiative & self-confidence
        
        grow
    - - age 6 through puberty
        
        challenge of learning to function socially
        
        extended beyond family
      - function effectively
        
        productivity high valued
        
        develop sense of competence
- - - - birth to about age 2
        
        infants
        
        developing the ability
        
        coordinate their sensory input
        
        with motor actions
      - major development
        
        gradual appearance of symbolic thought
        
        beginning
        
        behavior dominated by innate reflexes
        
        simply responding to stimuli
      - object permanence
        
        develops when child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible
        
        between 4 & 8 months age
    - - age 2 to 7
      - conservation
        
        Piaget's term for awareness of physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape / appearance
        
        result of some basic flaws
        
        centration
        
        tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects
        
        irreversibility
        
        inability to envision reversing an action
        
        egocentrism
        
        in thinking is characterized by a limited ability to share another person's viewpoint
        
        preoperational children
        
        fail to appreciate
        
        other view other than their own
        
        animism
        
        belief that all things are living
    - - age 7 to 11
        
        children can perform operations
        
        on images of tangible objects and actual events
        
        able master
        
        reversibility
        
        allow child to mentally undo an action
        
        decentration
        
        focus on more than one feature of problem simultaneously
      - master concrete operations
        
        develop variety of new problem solving capacities
      - can't handle hierarchical classification problems
        
        require focus simultaneously on 2 levels of classification
        
        preoperational children
    - - 11 years to adulthood
        
        apply their operations to abstract concepts
      - youngsters
        
        enjoy contemplation of abstract concept
        
        thought process
        
        relatively systematic, logical & reflective
      - further developments in thinking
        
        changes in degree
  - - - children's cognitive development
        
        fueled by social interactions with parents
        
        provide invaluable guidance
    - - crucial, central role
        
        fostering cognitive development
    - - collaborative dialogues with more experienced
        
        emphasis on primacy of language
        
        private speech
        
        plan their strategies, regulate actions & accomplish goals
- - - - think in terms of external authority
  - - - see rules as necessary
        
        maintaining social order
        
        accept these rules as own
        
        "internalize" these rules
        
        be virtuous & win approval
  - - - working out personal code of ethics