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Developmental Disorders (Pediatrics) - Coggle Diagram
Developmental
Disorders
(Pediatrics)
Meaning
dissociation, delay, or deviance
Categorization based
Motor
Cerebral palsy
Communicative
autism spectrum disorders
Cognitive
Mental retardation
DEVELOPMENTAL SURVEILLANCE & SCREENING
5 components
Making accurate and informed observations of the child
Identifying the presence of risk and protective factors
Maintaining a developmental history
Documenting the process and findings
Eliciting and attending
RED FLAGS :red_flag:
Developmental Disabilities
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Principles
usually before the age of 2 or 3.
Most common childhood disorder after mental retardation
Common in Male
ASD- Core Impairment:
Social interaction
1st 2 years of life
Deficit in social relatedness
Content being alone, ignore parent’s attention
Communication
Play: repetitive, stereotyped & excessively focused
Communicative speech
Difficulty interpreting non-literal communication
Restricted, repetitive behavioral repertoire
behavioral rigidity, stereotyped movement.
common in 2 year-old children
Cerebral Palsy
Principles
Most common cause of childhood disability in Western world
Diagnosis
3 main type
Athetoid-affects movement of the entire body
low muscle tone,slow, uncontrolled body movement
Ataxic-affects the coordination of the child’s movement.
unsteady & tend to lose their balance easily
Spastic-most common form
tightness
described in relation
Diplegia,Hemiplegia-half body,Quadriplegia
Mental Retardation
Principles
Abnormal intelligence and cognition in child <5yo
IQ scores = 70-75
Diagnosis
delayed speech,dysmorphic features (minor anomalies)
hypotonia, inability to do things for oneself,expressed concern of slowness or difference in development by the parents
Thorough family, perinatal and birth history
Management
Genetic counselling
Parent education
Prompt referral
Promotion of fitness
Promote independence
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)
Pirnciples
One of most common developmental disorders of childhood
Common among boys
Genetics & non-genetic
Characteristics
short attention span, impulsivity, distractibility,overactivity, low frustration tolerance, & disorganization
Diagnosis
3 forms
Hyperactive-impulsive type
Inattentive type
Combined type
Management
1st line
Refer to specialist (behavioral therapy)
2nd line
Pharmacologic for children 4 y.o & above
medications
presynaptic dopaminergic agonists or psychostimulant
Collaborative efforts