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Motivation of Hunger & Eating - Coggle Diagram
Motivation of Hunger & Eating
Biological Factors
Brain Regulation
experience of hunger controlled in brain
hypothalamus
involved in regulation of biological needs related to survival
lateral & ventromedial nucleus
elements in neural circuitry control of hunger
destroy lateral
little / no interest in eating
destroy ventromedial
ate excessively & gain weight rapidly
arcuate & paraventricular nucleus
larger role
modulation of hunger
contemporary theories
focus more
neural circuits
depend on larger variety of neurotransmitters
more complicated
massively & reciprocally interconnected
extensive parallel processing
Digestive & Hormonal Regulation
digestive system
variety of mechanism
influence hunger
stomach regulates hunger
vagus nerve
carry information about stretching of stomach walls
indicates stomach full
hormones
regulation of hunger
eg. without food awhile
stomach secretes ghrelin
stomach contractions
promotes hunger
food consumed
upper intestine release CCK
deliver satiety signals to brain
reducing hunger
leptin
long term regulation of hunger
regulation of other body functions
produced by fat cells
release into bloodstream
provide hypothalamus with information about body fat stores
leptin ↑, feel hungry ↓
leptin ↓, promote hunger
converge in hypothalamus
arcuate & paraventricular nuclei
insulin
secreted by pancreas
sensitive to fluctuations in body fats stores
Environmental Factors
Food Availability & Related Cues
environmental variables
palatability
better food taste
consume more
quantity available
tend to consume what is put in front of them
more food being served
more they eat
variety
increase consumption
greater variety of food available
eat specific food
incentive value declines
sensory-specific satiety
many foods available
keep shifting to new food
eating more
overeat at buffets
many food available
presence of others
eat more with other people
more people present
more food eaten
stress
varied effects
some eat less
increase food consumption
shift towards less healthy food choices
exposure to food cues
hunger aroused
tv commercials
delicious looking meals
exposure to food advertisements
incites hunger
increased food intake
Learned Preferences & Habits
preferences
acquired through learning
different culture
different patterns of food consumption
classical conditioning
conditioned to prefer flavors paired with pleasant events
observational learning
prefer familiar food
geographical, cultural, religious & ethnic factors
limit people's access to certain food
repeated exposures to new food
↑ liking
Roots of Obesity
obesity
condition of being overweight
more vulnerable
diseases
foster inflammatory & metabolic changes
development of Alzheimer's disease
Genetic Predisposition
partly matter of heredity influence
identical twins reared apart
more similar in BMI
some inherit genetic vulnerability
Excessive Eating & Inadequate Exercise
tend to eat more than they typically consume
unhealthy food
heavily advertised
effective
increase consumption
inability to control overeating
processed, high-fat & sugar food
may be addictive
Inadequate Sleep
sleep deprivation
increased in modern society
linked with weight regulation
insufficient rest ⇌ weight gain
alter hormonal balances
regulating appetite, eating & satiety
Concept of Set Point
people lose weight
strong tendency
gain back all the weight lost
homeostatic mechanism defend against weight loss
constellation of metabolic & neuroendocrine process
resist weight loss
energy expenditure ↓
burn calories more slowly
foster weight gain
reduced fat stores
reduced level of leptin
↓ leptin
1 more item...
biological adaptations to weight loss
regain the weight loss
human body wired to resist weight gain
physiological process
defend against weight loss
much stronger
defend against weight gain
adaptive for survival