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Psychology Units 3&4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Are voluntary and involve conscious awareness
      - Involve both the CNS and the somatic nervous system, the somatic nervous system carries out the motor actions it is instructed to by the brain
      - Responses we decide to do
    - - Involuntary and without conscious awareness
      - E.g digestion, breathing, salivating
      - Involve CNS and autonomic nervous system; brain initiates functioning and autonomic nervous system relays messages to internal organs, muscles and glands
      - Spinal reflex
        
        An automatic, involuntary withdrawal response to intense stimuli that is initiated by interneurons in the spinal cord
        
        If sensory neurons detect an intense sensation, interneurons intercept it and immediately send a motor message to withdraw.
        
        The sensory message does continue to the brain, but the motion is initiated in the spinal cord
        
        This is a survival reflex that can reduce harm caused by heat, cold and sharp objects. Response time is critical in extreme situations.
  - - - Process sensory information
      - Coordinate a motor response
      - Receive sensory information
    - - Receives sensory information and initiates/coordinates a motor response
      - Brain
        
        Receives sensory information from the spinal chord
        
        Initiates and coordinates a motor response
        
        Regulates vital functions
      - Made up of the brain and spinal chord
      - Spinal chord
        
        Relays sensory information from the PNS to the brain via afferent tracks
        
        Relays motor information from the brain to the PNS via efferent tracks
        
        Initiates spinal reflex (More in DP2, as connected)
    - - The entire network of nerves outside the CNS
      - Receives sensory information
      - Relays sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS
      - Relays motor information from the CNS to effector sites (muscles, organs, glands)
      - Autonomic nervous system
        
        Parasympathetic nervous system
        
        Maintains homeostasis when there is no threat
        
        Homeostasis is a balanced state of normal internal functioning
        
        Counteracts the sympathetic nervous system after a threat has passed, returns to normal breathing and heart rate patterns etc.
        
        Everything the sympathetic nervous system does in fight or flight, the parasympathetic nervous system undoes to return to homeostasis
        
        Sympathetic nervous system
        
        Primary role is to stimulate fight or flight response
        
        Prepares body for action, stimulating muscles and internal organs
        
        This includes:
        
        Release of adrenaline
        
        Increased heart rate
        
        Increased blood pressure
        
        Increased perspiration
        
        Dilates pupils
        
        Suppression of non-vital functions
        
        Network of nerves that allow for involuntary functioning of visceral (internal) organs, muscles and glands
        
        Regulates the functioning of internal organs
        
        Self-regulating; functions without us knowing it
      - Somatic nervous system
        
        Network of nerves that relay information that allow for voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles
        
        Receives sensory information via receptor sites
        
        Relay sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS
        
        Relay motor information from the CNS to effector sites (skeletal muscles)