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Premenstrual tension syndrome - Coggle Diagram
Premenstrual tension syndrome
Definition
Also known as the ovarian cycle syndrome is the presence of physical, psychological, or behavioral symptoms that regularly recur within the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle significantly disappear during the remainder of the cycle.
Management
Stop smoking
Talk about it to family and friends so they can understand how you are feeling.
Make sure you get enough sleep, try to get 8 hours every night.
Relaxation and gentle exercise is beneficial
Try to manage stress levels around that time.
Eating the right food
Keep a diary to help predict when PMS symptoms are due.
If bloating is the problem, wear lose, comfortable clothing and a more supportive bra.
Treatments
Luitenising hormone releasing hormone analogues
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues
Minera intra-uterine system (IUS)
Diuretics (water tablets), such as Spironolactone
Estrogen patches and implants
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)
Combined oral contraceptive pill
Pathophysiology
Serotonin is most implicated
Reduced blood levels, or serotonin transport remain unclear.
Inducing emotional and physical symptoms
Other neurotransmitter systems include opioid and GABA.
Interaction of cyclic changes in the ovarian steroids estrogen and progesterone cause changes in the brain neurotransmitters,
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can alleviate psychological and physical symptoms.
Psychological symptoms
Depressed mood
Tearfulness
Feeling angry, upset and emotional
Anxiety and poor concentration
Loss of confidence
Restlessness
Irritability and mood swings
Physical symptoms
Swollen ankles
Headaches
Tender and lumpy breasts
Backaches
Abdominal bloating
Skin changes
Weight gain
Upset stomach
Dizziness
Causes
Weight and exercise
Stress
Chemical changes
Diet
Hormone changes