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1-2 years of LIFE (Pediatrics) - Coggle Diagram
1-2 years of LIFE
(Pediatrics)
The FIRST YEAR
General
Brain volume
doubles in the 1st yr of life
increases by an additional 15% over the 2nd yr.
Myelination of the cortex
begins at 7-8 mo gestation
Inadequate dietary intake
Plotting of growth parameters (WHO charts)
Age
1st week
Physical growth
Weight
2.700 – 4 kg
Wt loss 5% -10% by 3-4 days after birth(1st week)
Result
Withdrawal of hormones from mother.
Passage of meconium (feces) and urine.
Loss of excessive extra cellular fluid
Limited food intake.
Height
Normal
47.5- 53.75 cm
Boys
Ht = 50 cm
Girls
Ht = 49 cm
Head circumference
33-35 cm
Anterior fontanel
Diamond,
length= 3-4 cm
width =2-3 cm
closes at 12-18 months
Posterior fontanel
Triangular
Closes by the end of the 2-3 month of age
2nd week
30 g (1 oz)/per day during the 1st mo
Physical growth
Head growth
0.5-0.8cm/wk (>1.25cm/wk abnormal)
Inc. in length
0.69-0.75cm/wk for term infants & 0.8 - 1.0cm/wk for PT
Gerneral
Crying & infantile colic
Rule of 3 - starts during 2nd or 3rd wk of life, lasts 3Hr/ day, occurs 3days/ week, lasts >3 weeks, resolves by 3 or 4 mo of age
Weight
5 to 8 months
½ kg / month
9 to 12 months
¼ kg /month
Birth to 4 months
¾ kg /month
Calculating infant’s weight
Infants from 3 to 12 months
Age in month+9/2
Height
1st 3 months of age
Length increases=3 cm./Mo
4-6 months
Length increases= 2 cm/Mo
7 – 12 months
Length increases=1 ½ cm/Mo
Head circumference
1st 3 months of age
Length increases = 2 cm /Mo
2nd 9 months of age
Length increases=½ cm/Mo
Chest circumference
By the end of the 1st year
Dentition
Eruption of teeth
starts by 5–6
months of age
Called
Deciduous teeth
Temporary teeth
Milky teeth
Physiological growth of infants
Resp=35 ± 10 c/min
Breath through nose
Pulse=110-150 b/min
Blood pressure=80/50 ± 20/10 mmHg
0-2 Months
Test
Perception and cognition
Recognition memory
Emotional Development
Crying
(longer than 3 hr/day, longer than 3 days/wk lasting
longer than 1 wk)
MOST do not have gastroesophageal reflux, lactose
intolerance, or cow-milk protein allergy.
IMPLICATIONS
Major depression
2-6 Months
4 mo
weight is doubled.
Disappearrance
asymmetric tonic neck
grasp reflex
Development
Cognitive Development
4 mo
"hatching"
Emotional Development and Communication
Anger, joy, interest, fear, disgust, and surprise,singing, hand games
HAPPY PERIOD
risk for
autism spectrum disorders
6-12 Months
Increased mobility
Tooth eruption occurs
birth weight has
tripled
Thumb–finger grasp
8-9 mo
neat pincer grasp
12 mo
Crawling and pulling to stand
8 mo
object permanence (constancy),Stranger Anxiety
9 mo
adept at nonverbal communication
7 mo
The Second Year
Age
12-18 Months
brain growth and myelination
increase head circumference of 2 cm
polysyllabic
rapprochement
Separation anxiety
transitional object
linguistic
2-step commands
General
Begin Toddler’s
:red_flag:Red Flag
2 months
Does not alert to voice
4 months
No cooing or gurgling sounds
Neonatal Period
Infant do not respond to loud sounds
6 months
Lack of turning toward voices
9 months
Lack of babbling with consonants
12 months
Child does not respond to name. Does not understand “No”