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MUGHAL EMPIRE, AURANGZEB [AD 1658-1707], AGRARIAN SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram

- - - - AFGHANS, RAJPUTS, BAHADUR SHAH[GUJARAT], SHER SHAH[ AFGHAN-BIHAR]
      - KAMRAN[BROTHER REVOLTED AGAINST HIM]
      - AT THE BATTLE OF CHAUSA [AD 1539], BATTLE AT KANNAUJ [AD 1540] SHER SHAH DEFEATED HIM.
        
        SHER SHAH SURI [AD 1540-1545]
        
        REAL NAME- FARID KHAN, SON OF A JAGIRDAR OF BIHAR.
        
        ADMINISTRATION
        
        FOLLOWED BY AKBAR
        
        DIVIDED KINGDOM -47 SARKARS/DISTRICTS AND EACH SARKAR INTO PARGANAS
        
        PARGANAS WAS PUT UNDER THE CHARGE OF TRUSTED OFFICERS
        
        HE PERSONALLY SUPERVISED EVERY BRANCH OF ADMINISTRATION
        
        TOOK MEASURES FOR PROMOTION OF TRADE AND COMMERCE, INTRODUCED SILVER COINS-RUPIAH
        
        WELLS, SARAIS[REST HOUSES]
        
        RESTORED AND REBUILT ROAD- GREAT TRUNK ROAD
        
        KILLED IN AN EXPLOSION OF A GUN-BURST DURING THE SEIGE OF KALINJAR,BUNDELKHAND. BURIED AT SASARAM
      - INVADED INDIA IN AD 1554 WITH THE HELP OF BAIRAM KHAN, CONQUERED MOST OF PUNJAB, DEFEATD AFGHANS
        
        AKBAR [AD 1556-1605]
        
        MUHAMMAD JALAL UD-DIN , 13 YEARS OLD, CORONATED RULER OF KALANAUR[PUNJAB] BORN AT AMARKOT[SINDH] IN 1542
        
        AKBAR WAS YOUNG, BAIRAM KHAN, FAITHFUL FRIEND OF HUMAYUN, BECAME REGENT AND LOOKED AFTER THE AFFAIRS OF GOVT.
        
        DECIDED TO WIN BACK DELHI AND AGRA, WITH THE HELP OF BAIRAM KHAN, IN THE SECOND BATTLE OF PANIPAT DEFEATD KING HEMU VIKRAMADITYA IN AD 1556
        
        IN 1560, AKBAR TOOK THE REIGN OF GOVT. AND SENT BIRAM KHAN TO PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA, LATTER DIED IN GUJARAT AND HIS SON ABDUR RAHIM BECAME KHAN-I-KHANA IN AKBAR'S COURT.
        
        AKBAR'S CONQUEST
        
        AD 1561- MALWA, GONDWANA, JAUNPUR, GWALIOR, AJMER
        
        AD 1562- VISITED AJMER. MARRIED THE DAUGHTER OF RAJA BEHARI MAL OF AMBER.
        
        AD 1566- CAPTURED CHITTOR, RAJA UDAI MAL SINGH LEFT CHITTOR FORT BUT HIS TWO GENERALS JAIMAT AND PATTA FOUGHT BRAVELY
        
        CONQUERED RANTHAMBORE, GUJARAT, KALINJAR
        
        RANA PRATAP SINGH SON OF RAJA UDAI SINGH WAS DEFEATED AT THE BATTLE OF HALDHIGHATI
        
        ANNEXED KASHMIR, SINDH, BENGAL,ORRISA
        
        CONSOLIDATED HIS POSITION IN NORTH INDIA IN AD 1595
        
        DECCAN
        
        AHEMADNAGAR WAS TAKEN FROM CHAND BIBI, IN AD 1601, ASIRGARH FORT[KHANDESH] WAS CAPTURED
        3 PROVINCES OF DECCAN- BERAR, KHANDESH, AHEMADNAGAR
        
        JAHANGIR [AD 1605-1627]
        
        NUR-UD-DIN SALIM, 36 YEARS
        
        RANA AMAR SINGH, NEW RULER PF MEWAR, WAS DEFEATED IN AD 1614
        
        SON KHUSRAO REVOLTED AFTER 5 MONTHS OF ASCESION.
        
        GURU ARJAN DEV BLESSED KHUSRAO, ARRESTED AND TORTURED TO DEATH.
        
        TUZUK-I-JAHANGARI
        
        NUR JAHAN [ THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD]
        
        MARRIED TO JAHANGIR IN AD 1611
        
        WIDOW OF ALI QULIKHAN[AFGHAN NOBLE], FATHER-MIRZA GHIAS BEG[ AKBAR'S COURTIER], REAL NAME- MEHR-UN-NISA
        
        PEERLESS IN BEAUTY, INTELLIGENT, CULTURED LADY
        
        ROYAL FIRMANS WERE ISSUED AT HER INSTANCE, COINS WERE STRUCK IN HER NAME, NAME WAS ATTACHED TO IMPERIAL SIGNATURE
        
        RELATIONS WITH EUROPEANS- WILLIAM HAWKINS[EMMISARY OF KING JAMES 1 OF ENGLAND] STAYES FOR 3 YRS [ AD 1608-11], SIR THOMAS ROE [ AD 1615], SUCCEEDED IN ACHIEVING TRADE CONCESSIONS, SET UP FACTORY AT SURAT.
        
        SHAH JAHAN/KHURRAM [AD 1627-1658]
        
        AD 1628- RAJA JUJHAR SINGH OF BUNDELKHAND WAS DEFEATED AND IN AD 1635 WAS KILLED
        
        3 MAJOR STATES OF DECCAN [ SUBEDAR/VICEROY]- AHMEDNAGAR, BIJAPUR, GOLCONDA
        
        CLEARED PORTUGUESE OUT OF HUGLI. RELATIONS WITH ENGLISH WERE CORDIAL.
        
        TRAVELLERS LIKE FRENCH- BERNIER, TRAVERNIER AND ITALIAN MANUCCI VISITED HIS KINGDOM,
        
        AKBAR'S ADMINISTRATION
        
        BASED ON INDIAN AND PERSIAN SYSTEM
        
        2 MAIN PILLARS- EMPEROR AND ARMY
        
        IMPT. OFFICERS
        
        SADR-US SADUR= CHIEF ADVISE IN RELEGIOUS MATTERS, CHARGE IN DISTRIBUSEMENT OF IMPERIAL AID TO RELIGIOUS/EDUCATIONAL/CHARITABLE PURPOSES, RANKED SECOND AFTER THE EMPEROR AS THE CHEIF JUDGE.
        
        MIR BAKSHI - PAYMASTER GENERAL, MILITARY AND ADMINISTRATRIVE WORKS OF THE ARMY
        
        QAZI-OFFICER INCHARGE OF JUDICIAL DEPT.
        
        ADMINISTRATION WAS DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS- CENTRAL AND PROVINCIAL
        
        CENTRAL
        
        DIVISION OF EMPIRE INTO 15 SUBAH/PROVINCES.
        
        SUBDIVIDED INTO SARKARS/DISTRICTS INTO PARGANAS [ GROUP OF VILLAGES] UNDER THE CHARGE OF FAUJDAR
        
        2 more items...
        
        PROVINCES-SUBEDAR[GOVERNOR], POST WAS TRANSFERABLE
        
        DIWAN-LAND REVENUE COLLECTION
        
        MANSABDARI SYSTEM
        
        EACH OFFICER WAS GIVEN A MANSAB/RANK AND WAS CALLED MANSABDAR
        
        MANSAB WAS NOT HEREDITARY AND , MANSABDARS WERE TRANSFEREABLE, PAID FIXED SALARY
        
        MANSABDARS HAD TO MAINTAIN ARMY ACCORDING TO THEIR RANK. 33 GRADES [ 10-10,000] OF RANK.
        
        WERE NOT JAGIRDARS, BUT SOME WERE GIVEN JAGIRS.
- - - - DURING AKBAR'S REIGN GURU RAM DAS FOUNDED THE CITY OF AMRITSAR, HEADQUATERS OF FAITH, GIVEN A PERMANENT ORG. WITH REGULAR INCOME
      - GURU HARGOBIND[6TH] [AD 1606-45] TOOK UP SWORD AND STARTED TRAINING HIS FOLLOWERS INTO A MARTIAL SECT.
      - GURU TEGH BAHADUR OPPOSED THE POLICY OF PERSECUTION, PROTESTED AGAINST THE DESTRUCTION OF GURUDWARAS AND EXPULSION OF HIS FOLLOWER FROM THE CITY. ON HIS REFUSAL TO EMBRACE ISLAM- TORTURED TO DEATH IN CHANDNI CHOEK [ GURUDWARA SHEESHGANJ]
      - GURU GOVIND SINGH ORGANISED MILITARY FORCE KHALSA/PURE