Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Science :male-scientist::skin-tone-2: - Coggle Diagram
Science :male-scientist::skin-tone-2:
Transport systems in organisms
Multicellular organisms
Unicellular organisms
Processes involved in the transport of substances
Diffusion
Its the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Te net ( overall ) movement of molecules . Eventually both solutions will have the same concentration of sucrose and water molecules
Osmosis
The net movement of water molecules of a higher concentration of water molecules to a lower concentration of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane
4 types of blood components
white blood cell
platelets
red blood cell
blood plasma
Transport system in humans
Three main nutrients
protein ( Meat, fish, eggs )
fats ( Butter and cheese )
Carbohydrates ( starch- rice, bread )
organs in the transport system
stomach
small intestine
oesophagus
large intestine
mouth
anus
liver. gall bladder, pancreas
Liver produces the bile, which breaks up fats in to smaller droplets ( emulsification )
pancreas produce pancreatic juice that contains the enzymes amylase, protease and lipase
two types of digestion
Physical digestion
chemical digestion
digestion steps:
protein to amino acid
fats to fatty acid and glycerol
starch to maltose
maltose to glucose
sexual reproduction ( the process which humans produce new organisms like themselves )
Male reproductive system
Sperm duct ( The sperm duct is a muscular tube that carries sperms from the testis to the urethra )
Male sex glands ( Secrete a fluid containing nutrients and enzymes which the provide the sperm with energy to move )
Penis ( sperms are ejaculated through the penis during sexual intercourse )
Urethra ( During sexual intercourse, sperm passes through the testes, into the sperm duct and into the urethra )
Testis / Testes ( Produces the sperm and male sex hormones )
Scrotum ( Each testis is found in the scrotum )
Sperm ( The human sperm is the male reproductive cell )
female reproductive system
Ovary ( Produces the eggs every month and the female sex hormones )
Uterus / womb ( Pear shape organ with thick muscular walls call the uterine layer )
Fallopian tube / oviduct ( It is a muscular tube connecting the ovary to the uterus
Cervix ( A ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus )
Vagina / birth canal ( The vagina is a muscular tube and join the cervix to the outside of the body )
Egg / ovum ( the female reproductive cell )
Sexual reproduction
During sexual intercourse, the erected penis is inserted into the vagina . The penis ejaculates semen (containing sperm) into the upper end of the vagina. The sperms will swim into the vagina
Fertilisation
The process where the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg
Heredity
the process by which characteristics are passed sown genetically from one generation to other
Puberty
when an adolescent becomes capable of reproducing. They experience rapid growth and development during this period.
Birth control methods
Temporary birth control methods
Rhythm method
spermicide
diaphragm
condom
Intra- uterine device ( IUD )
contraceptive pills
permanent birth control methods
tubal ligation
Vasectomy
Sexually transmitted infection ( spread through sexual intercourse )
Electrical system
An electrical current is the rate of flow of electric charge
SI Unit for current is ampere ( A )
measure using an ammeter
connected in series
two types of electrical circuit
series circuit
parallel circuit
Potential difference ( V )
The potential difference between any two points is the amount of energy needed to move one unit of electric charge from one oint to the other.
SI Unit is Volts ( V )
measure using a voltmeter
connected in parallel
Resistance ( R )
The resistance of a component is the ration of the potential difference across it to the current flowing through it
SI Unit for resistance ohm ( Ω )
Resistors
Fixed resistors
The resistance cannot be change unless the resistors are changed themselves
Variable resistors ( rheostats )
Can adjust the range of resistance in the circuit
Household appliances
power
The power of a circuit component is the amount of electrical energy converted to other forms of energy per unit time by the component
SI Unit for power is watt ( W )
1 kilowatt = 1,000 watts
1 MW = 1,000,000 W / 1 GW = 1,000,000,000 W
Three type of wire
Neutral wire
Earth wire
live wire
Forces
Two types of forces
contact force
frictional force
non contact force
Gravitaional force
Magnetic force
Electrostatic force
SI Unit for force is newton ( N )
Energy and its work done
Cannot be created or destroyed
Work is done when
A force acts on an object
The object moves in the same direction as the force
Measured in joule ( J )
two types of sources
renewable energy
wind energy
geothermal energy
biofuels
solar energy
Hydroelectric energy
non - renewable energy
fossil fuels
Effects of heat and its transmission
Expansion
Contraction
Solid, liquid, gas
is transmitted through
Convection
found in
Household hold ventilation, Electric kettle, car radiator
causes
Land and sea breezes
Radiation
useful in
Light-coloured houses, White clothes, shiny utensils
rate depends on
Nature of the surface, total surface area, temperature of the body
Conduction
Heat conductors ( Cooking utensils such as frying pans, saucepans, kettles and pots )
Heat insulators ( Wall of buildings, Walls, doors and lids of ovens, vacuum flask, ice-cream carts and fridges )
Chemical changes
Acid
Metal = salt + hydrogen gas
Carbonates = salt + carbon dioxide + gas + water
Alkali
react together and undergo
Neutralisation
salt + water
Indicators
litmus paper
Universal indicator