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CHEM PATH:Fluid ,Sodium , Potassium balance(2) - Coggle Diagram
CHEM PATH:Fluid ,Sodium , Potassium balance(2)
Hyperaldosteronism
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2º
Fluid shifts across ICF to ECF>Result to hypoperfusion dur to hydrostatic(congestive HF) and oncotic pressure(Nephrosis)
Fluid overload=↑ renin & aldo>↑ ADH Due to angiotensin 2 action & H20 retention dilutes Na = hyponatremia
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Aldosterone in distal Renal tubule:drives sodium and water reabsorption in exhange for K+ &/H+ excretion
Potassium
Na/K+ ATPase pumps' K+ into cell , Na+ pumped out
Na+ diffuses in along its conc. gradient , K+ diffuses out along its conc. gradient
main intracellular cation=maintain membrane potential &excitability of myocytes and conductive tissue
More Potassium diffuses than sodium>net negative on inside of cell=transmembrane potential>to generate action Potention>allow contraction of muscles
Hyperkalaemia - K leak slows against [ ]=gradient and membrane potential is less –ve== myocytes and cardiac conduction discharge>more easily (arrhythmias)
Hypokalaemia - K leak is fast, membrane=potential more –ve and cells depolarize with=difficulty (arrhythmias and muscle weakness)
Potassium Homeostasis
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Insulin drives K+ via phosphorylation of glucose(negative charge)>K+ is the main electrolyte that follows along its electric gradient
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Catecholamines drive K+ into muscle & liver>glycogenolysis>generates glucose phosphorylates (-ve charge)
H+ and K+ compete for intracellular –ve binding sites =acidosis tends to push hyperkalaemia and alkalosis causes hypokalaemia