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MED MICRO:GIT INFECTIONS 1) - Coggle Diagram
MED MICRO:GIT INFECTIONS 1)
Normal Gut Flora(Microbiome)
Made of Bacteria (predominant:
Anaerobes
-grow in O2 depleted environment) , incl. enterococci(gram+) and coliforms(gram- bacilli , E.coli/Klebsiella)
Protozoa
: Entamoeba col
Largest reservoir
human flora
Fungi
: candida species
NB: Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio>>
recognized as pathogens
in the gut
Functions
of normal gut flora:
Fermentation
of unused energy substrates,
stimulation
of mmune system .
prevention
of harmful pathogenic bacteria growth ,
production of vitamins
(Vit. K,biotin)
GIT Protection Mechanisms
Peristalsis
>constant movement during peristalsis is a
deterrent
for stalsis & of microbial growth
Loss of epithelial cells
>high turnover of epithelial cells in the gut lining>makes it difficult for organism to attach and invade gut
Anti-bacterial activity
of pancreatic enzymes & bile
Acid pH of stomach
>>destroys potential pathogens from entry into GIT(some pathogens can resist the acidic pH-virulence factors that allow them to enter)
Normal gut flora
>lines gut>provides barrier for competitive binding & invasion of orgaisms
Luminal phagocytic cells
>>engulf organism that invade
Antibodies
>Secretory IgA present in the mucosal surface(1st line of defense in the lumen)
Virulence factors
Invasive
Toxin production
Colonization factors
Food Poisoning
Virus
are commonest, followed by
bacteria
(unique-lot of food categories associated with specific organism) then
parasites
&
toxins
Define: Due to ingestion
pre-formed toxin
-(Food intoxication) or
Food contamination
with micro-organisms(Food infection)
Pre-formed
(acute-vomiting ,diarrhea within 4hrs of ingestion , extra-intestinal symptoms-neurologic damage in botulism) vs
Food contamination
(takes longer-after 4-6 hrs)
Suspicion
: Multiple cases of gastrointestinal syndrome at the same time-common experience(same meal )
Scombroid Fish Poisoning
Bacteria breaks
histidine to histamine
(histamine poisoning)
Falls under :Pre-formed toxin
Contaminated fish