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Plant nutrition, b - Coggle Diagram
Plant nutrition
leaf structure
wax cuticle: protective layer around the top of the leaf, prevents water from evaporating
upper epidermis: thin and transparent to allow light to enter palisade mesophyll layer underneath it
palisade mesophyll: column-shaped cells tightly packed with chloroplasts to absorb more light, maximising photosynthesis
guard cells: absorbs and loses water to open and close the stomata to allow carbon dioxide to diffuse in and oxygen to diffuse out
spongy mesophyll: contains internal air spaces that increase the surface area to volume ratio for the diffusion of gases
stomata: where gas exchange takes place; opens during the day, closes during the night. Evaporation of water also happens here. Found in much greater concentration on the underneath leaf to reduce water loss
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xylem: transports water into the leaf for mesophyll cells to use in photosynthesis and for transpiration in stomata
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leaf adaptation
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network of veins: allows the transport of water to the cells of the leaf and carbohydrates from the leaf for photosynthesis
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palisade cell layer at top of leaf: maximises the absorption of light as it will hit chloroplasts in the cells directly
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spongy layer: air spaces allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through the leaf, increasing the surface area
large surface area : increases surface area for the diffusion of carbon dioxide and absorption of light for photosynthesis
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photosynthesis
the process by which plants manufacutre carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from the light
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photosynthesis happens inside chloroplasts which is where enzymes and chlorophyll catalyse and supply energy for the reaction
uses of glucose
glucose can be used for storage, it can be stored as starch, glucose is soluble in water and reactive. Starch however isn't soluble or reactive
glucose can be used to make other substances, it's used to make carbohydrates sucrose and cellulose and fats and oils
glucose can be used for energy, it is broken down by respiration to release energy
mineral requirements
nitrogen: needed to make amino acids to make proteins, deficiency causes weak growth and yellow leaves
magnesium: needed to make chlorophyll, deficiency causes yellowing between veins
glucose in transport
it is converted to sucrose and then changed back, because it's less reactive
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