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B5 Animal nutrition - Coggle Diagram
B5 Animal nutrition
digestive system
mouth/salivary glands : Teeth break food to smaller pieces, amylase digest starch into maltose, bolus made by tongue and lubricated by saliva to swallow
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stomach: protease enzymes chemically digest proteins, hydrochloric acid kill bacteria provide the optimum ph for protease enzymes
small intestine: the first section is the duodenum where food finishes being digested by enzymes produced here and also secreted from the pancreas. The second section is the ileum which absorbs digested food molecules. The ileum is long and lined with villi to increase surface for absorption
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pancreas: produces amylase, protease and lipase. Secretes enzymes in alkaline fluid into the duodenum for digestion to raise the ph of fluid coming out of the stomach
liver: produces bile to emulsify fats, uses amino acids to produce urea
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digestion
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absorption: the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells
mechanical digestion: the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to food molecules
assimilation: the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells
digestion: the breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, water-soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes
egestion: passing out of food that has not been digested, as faces, through the anus
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teeth
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canines: pointed for tearing, holding and biting
premolars and molars : larger, flat surfaces with ridges at the edges for chewing and grinding up food
structure of teeth: first there's the enamel, then the dentine, then the nerves, then the pulp cavity and then the cement
Vitamin C
found in citrus fruit such as oranges and limes, raw vegetables.
needed to make the stretchy protein collagen, found in skin and other tissues keeps tissues in good repair
deficiency causes scurvy which causes pain in joints and muscles and bleeding from gums and other places
Vitamin D
found in butter, egg yolk, made by the skin with sunlight
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Calcium
found in milk and other dairy products, and bread
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Iron
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found in liver, red meat, egg yolk, and dark green vegetables
fibre
found in frutis, vegetables, bran, wholemeal bread, brown or unpolished rice
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coronary heart disease
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not enough blood can get through to the heart so heart muscles run short on oxygen and can't work properly
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obesity
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obese people are more likely to get heart disease, stokes and diabetes
balanced diet
carboydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, fiber (roughage)
different energy needs:
age, sex, job, pregnant, breast-feeding, reach 50s-60s
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marasmus
caused by a lack of protein and energy in the diet. People with marasmus are underweight and look emanciated