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2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids - Coggle Diagram
2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids
Lipids
Types
Triglycerides
Saturated
No double bonds
Unsaturated
Monosaturated - 1 double bond
Polysaturated - 2+ double bonds
Trans-isomers
produced artificially, has hydrogen atoms opposite to carbon attoms and have a higher melting point
Cis-isomers
produced naturally, have hydrogen atoms attached to the same side of carbon atoms and have lower melting point
formed by condensation, called carboxylic acids (COOH molecule)
Phospholipids
Consist PO4 molecule
Steroids
Cholesterol, Sexual Hormones
Health Effects
Leads to obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Certain types of cancer
Corornary heart disease (CHD)
Can be caused by saturated and trans fats but there is debate
Trans fats
Hydrogenation of vegetable oil
Unhealthy
Saturated fats
Naturally occuring mainly in animal sources
Unhealthy
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acids consists of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen, they are Hydrophobic and insoluble in water and build most lipids
Carbohydrates
Structure and function of polysaccharides
Polysaccharides play important role in the supply and storage of energy
Starch is made up of a mixture of two polysaccharides, namely amylose and amylopetin.
All polymers have glucose as their monomers subunit
Form of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
BODY MASS INDEX
Measure of body fat based on height and weight.
A person's BMI can be calculated with the following formula:
BMI = weight (kg)/height^2 (m)
High BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness. However, it does not provide diagonisis.
Body mass index can also be calculated through nanogram. Draw a line with a ruler from the body mass (weight) to the height of a person. The intersection of the W/H^2 is the person's BMI
Comparison
Why are lipids better for long-term storage than carbohydrates?
A Gram o lipids gives more energy than a gram of glycogen.
Each gram of glycogen is stored up with 2g of water, while lipids are stored in pure form.
Lipids contribute only a sixth as much to body mass as carbohydrates per unit of energy stored
For energy storage lipids have higher energy content and can act as thermal insulators.