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Geographical Investigations Topic 6, GCSE Geography - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 6km from source
      - Surrounded by woodland
      - Bridge
      - Artificial channel - deeper and faster
      - Middle course
      - 86m above sea level
      - Topology
        
        High and Hilly
        
        Close to source
    - - Topology
        
        Open flood plain
        
        Lots of vegetation
      - 4km from source
      - Meanders through small floodplain around 60m
      - Grazing animals
      - No vegetation during the summer due to animals
    - - Higher than expected gradient
      - Location down the river
      - Located a geographical boundary
  - - - Avoid bias because of other sampling
      - River access, planning beforehand
  - - - Tilling Springs, Leith Hill, Surrey
    - - River Wey, near Shalford Park
  - - - Quantitative
        
        Width
        
        Depth
      - Qualitative
        
        Photographs
        
        Field Sketches
    - - Flood Risk Map
        
        Equipment: An internet connected device
        
        Method: Browsing google
        
        Justification: View flood risk map beforehand
        
        Limitations: 1) Data may be out of date
      - Newspaper Articles
        
        Equipment: Internet Connected Device
        
        Method: Browsing google
        
        Justification: Idea of impact beforehand
        
        Limitations: Bias
    - - Picture/ Field Sketch
        
        Equipment: Phone and Pencil/Paper
        
        Method: Photos & Field Sketches
        
        Justification: Quicker
        
        Limitations: Bias
      - River Width
        
        Equipment: Measuring Tape
        
        Method: Measure from the banks
        
        Justification: To prevent errors
        
        Limitations: Easy to make an error
      - River Depth
        
        Equipment: Metre stick
        
        Method: Take width measurement
        
        Justification: Data for cross section calculations
        
        Limitations: Easy to make an error
      - River Velocity
        
        Equipment: Hydro-prop
        
        Method: Place in water (propeller faces upstream)
        
        Justification: Data for discharge calculations
        
        Limitations: Human Error
    - - Financial damages in both cases.
      - Would assume that flood risk is greater at AH, but channelisation is there.
      - More debris = more erosion downstream.
      - Drainage basin and channel characteristics both influence flood risk on the River Tillingbourne.
      - Further away from the source = higher discharge due to higher velocity and higher river energy = more debris.
      - Lots of tributaries contribute to flood risk in surrounding regions.
      - Greater flood risk at CF due to greater meanders and slower velocity.
    - - Our primary data could have been subject to human error.
      - We could have used different strategies for the same measurements at different locations.
- - - - Easily show data and patterns clearly
      - Wide range of graphs/ charts available
    - - Can be highlighted and annotated - can help identify anomalies
      - Useful to highlight patterns and trends
      - Can be used to present raw data that you and your group have collected
    - - Helps to show how places have changed after being affected by storms
      - Useful for aerial photos of rivers to show land use
      - Used to show historic maps/ sites
    - - Makes it easier to compare patterns at locations
      - Used to show locations
      - Mini-graphs and charts can be located on maps
  - - - How many measurements will you take?
    - - Where will you collect the data and how? Will you collect the data along a transect and how far apart will these locations be?
    - - How can you ensure that your data is accurate? Will you need to measure several samples of stones and calculate an average?
  - - - Techniques
        
        Random - samples are chosen fairly randomly i.e. ever pebble has an equal chance of being chosen
        
        Systematic - working to a system to collect data i.e. every 10cm across a river
        
        Stratified - means collecting a sample made up of different parts i.e. deliberately selecting samples of different pebble sizes from a point in the river so that you include the whole range of pebble sizes found there.
    - - Techniques
        
        Written site descriptions
        
        Taking photos and videos
        
        Field sketches
- - - - 7 factors contribute:
        
        Income
        
        People on low income
        
        Weighting: 23%
        
        Employment
        
        People unable to work through unemployment, sickness, disability
        
        Weighting: 23%
        
        Health and Disability
        
        People in poor physical/mental health
        
        Weighting: 13%
        
        Education, Skills, Training
        
        People with low education attainment
        
        Weighting: 13%
        
        Housing and Services
        
        Affordability of housing & withing reach of services
        
        Weighting: 9%
        
        Crime
        
        People affected by crime
        
        Weighting: 9%
        
        Living Environment
        
        Those living in substandard housing
        
        Weighting: 9%
      - Different types of deprivation are combined into an overall measure.
      - Higher Score = Lower Quality of Life
    - - All about Sustainability
      - 3 Factors:
        
        Environmental
        
        Considers pollution/waste, renewable energy, environment concerns
        
        Economy
        
        Economic state of country, infrastructure, economic security
        
        Society
        
        Living conditions, Services
  - - - Most finance industry work in H.P.
      - Mostly retail industry work in S.B.
      - More terraced/ detached in H.P.
      - Owned privately outright in H.P.
      - Rented mostly in S.B.
    - - Greater sense of 'community' in S.B.
      - Most have no GCSEs in Darfield Way
      - More unskilled in S.B.
      - More degrees in H.P.
      - Least affluent (Rifle Place) - petty crime and ASB
      - Most affluent (Addison Ave/Rd) - violent or sexual crimes
    - - Cleaner in Addison Ave/Rd
      - Less open spaces in Addison Ave/Rd
      - Dirty/unkempt in Rifle Place/ Darfield Way
      - Vandalism and Graffiti in Rifle Place/ Darfield Way
      - More open spaces in Rifle Place/ Darfield Way
    - - The Key Question I am answering is ‘Are the levels of deprivation in Holland Park and Notting Dale contrasting’. Taking into account all the data we have collected during the duration of the fieldwork, I believe the levels of deprivation are truly contrasting because we can see that, on average, Rifle Place and Darfield Way have a higher level of deprivation in all aspects of the Sustainability stool - Social, Environmental and Economic. When looking at the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), we see that the score has a worrying gap.
        Holland Park, overall, has a very stable ‘stool’ ; this contrasts with the areas in Notting Dale, which seem to have issues in all the areas, with the only positive thing coming out is the sense of community these areas have. The census data I collected beforehand supports this notion of contrasting deprivation, as seen through Charts 1.0 - 4.14.
  - - - More Deprived
        
        Rifle Place, W11 4ST (Notting Dale)
        
        Darfield Way, W10 6TX (Notting Dale)
      - Less Deprived
        
        Addison Avenue, W11 4QU (Holland Park)
        
        Addison Avenue, W14 8ED (Holland Park)
    - - Census Data
        
        Consists of
        
        Economic Activity
        
        Highest Education Level
        
        Relationship Status
        
        Social Grade
        
        Housing Occupancy
        
        Housing Types
        
        Housing Tenure
        
        Gender
        
        Age Group
        
        Health
        
        Ethnicity
        
        Employment Industry
        
        Schools
        
        Transport
        
        Crime
        
        Internet
        
        Collection: Used CheckMyStreet and StreetCheck
        
        Pros: Cost effective, rough idea beforehand and pre-prepped graphs
        
        Cons: Could have adapted data to create own graphs
      - IMD GIS Maps
        
        Areas
        
        Rifle Place
        
        Darfield Way
        
        Addison Avenue and Road
        
        Collection: Use of IMD Maps and took screenshots to compare
        
        Pros: Cost effective, rough idea beforehand, tested info
        
        Cons: Out of date data
      - Newspaper Articles
        
        Examples
        
        "London: fatal lung conditions 'more likely' in deprived boroughs"
        
        "Half of inner city children in deprived areas consuming fast food/drink at least twice a week"
        
        "The Observer view on London's wealth gap"
        
        Collection: Use newspapers
        
        Pros: Verified by media outlets
        
        Cons: Not all up to date and relevant
      - Google Maps
        
        Collection: Typed up postcodes and took screenshots to get a general idea of deprivation in the area
        
        Pros: Cost effective and got an idea beforehand
        
        Cons: Only one day
    - - Sampling Method
        
        Random Sampling
        
        Eliminate sampling bias
        
        Broad target audience
      - Photo Analysis
        
        Collection: Pictures during field trip
        
        Pros: Data required for questions
        
        Cons: Mirrored only one day
      - Questionnaires
        
        Collection: Asked residdents questions
        
        Pros: Info from long-term residents
        
        Cons: Generalised or specific
      - Environmental Quality Survey
        
        Collection: Scoring for different factors
        
        Pros: Compare 4 locations
        
        Cons: Not all factors considered; inaccuracies
      - Wordles/Epitome Words
        
        Collection: Wrote 6 words coming to mind in area
        
        Pros: Accurate first impression
        
        Cons: Opinionated and can be biased
        
        Places
        
        Rifle Place: 'abandoned', 'litter', 'poor'
        
        Darfield Way: 'graffiti', 'vandalism', 'dirty'
        
        Addison Avenue: 'expensive', 'posh', 'modern'
        
        Addison Road: 'expensive', 'rich', 'clean'