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Causes of the French Revolution - Coggle Diagram
Causes of the French Revolution
Financial Issues
Controllers (and their attempted reforms)
Charles de Colonne - 1783-87
Came to power in 1783, facing 100 million livres in total debt and extreme annual repayments
Initially attempted to introduce economies and established a sinking fund and re-issued gold coinage to reduce counterfeiting
In a new plan in 1786, he attempted to introduce a new land tax which would end tax privileges and free trade to increase trade
Alongside this, he called the Assembly of Notables to share the responsibilities for reform. This failed and he was exiled after he lost the support of the king
Jacques Turgot - 1775-76
Faced an annual deficit of 37 million livres and a total debt of 235 million livres
Aimed to modernise and increase revenue from greater economic prosperity
Stated in his six edicts that he should abolish price controls, reduce restrictions on trading and promote enterprise
Ending of price controls resulted in widespread unrest and bread rioting
He was removed in 1776 after losing the support of royals, and any progress he made was undone when France went to war again in 1778
Jacques Necker - 1776-81
Appointed in 1776
Focused more on royal finances than the economy as a whole, and increase confidence in the government so loans did not have such extreme interest
Planned to remove the 70,000 venal offices which took control away from the government
Brought more debt - during his time he borrowed over 500 million livres
Produced the Compte Rendu in 1781, an overview of the royal accounts - however, this was misleading as it predicted unrealistic growth as war costs were not included
He gained popularity within the 3rd Estate as he appeared more transparent
The Enlightenment
Political Ideals
The political landscape was changing - views such as natural rights, proposed by John Locke, said that every man had certain rights
Those laid out in the American Consitution of 1667 were - life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness
The American Constitution also legitimised many's views that opressive governments should be able to be overthrown legally - democracy