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What conditions are the most favourable for microbial food production? -…
What conditions are the most favourable for microbial food production?
Conditions
Nutrients
Microorganisms need nutrients for growth
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Vitamin
Lipids
Energy
Nitrogen
Mineral
Moisture
Moisture creates a hospitable environment for microorganisms to grow
Humidity
Temperature
Bacteria thrives in warm temperatures
Cooler temperatures slow the growth of microbes
Oxygen
Oxygen-enriched conditions cultivate microbial growth
Acidity (pH)
Microbes prefer neutral pH levels and are harmed when pH levels are more base or acidic
Measurment
Acidity is measured by pH levels that range from 0 - 14
Water
Microorganisms need water in an available form to grow in the food
Measurment
Water activity can be measured by values >0 and <1
Food
Bread
Vinegar
Cheese
Wine
Beer
Yoghurt
Food production
Wine
Yeast and lactic acid bacteria ferment to convert sugar into alcohol
Yoghurt
Culturing milk and live bacteria called Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Produces lactic acid which coagulates the milk proteins, creating the thickness of yogurt and lightly sour in flavor
Bread
Enzymes in yeast ferment sugar forming carbon dioxide and ethanol
Carbon dioxide causes bread to rise and the ethanol evaporates when the bread is baked.
Vinegar
First stage - yeast convert sugars into ethanol anaerobically
Second stage - ethanol is oxidized to acetic (ethanoic) acid aerobically by bacteria of the genera Acetobacter and Gluconobacter
Cheese
Produced by concentrating and changing the proteins (caseins) and fats in milk
Microbial successions that can include bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi (molds)
Beer
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments the sugars, coming from barley to alcohol and carbon dioxide
Microbe/microorganism
Bacteria
Fungi
Archaea
Protists
Viruses
Algae
Protozoa
Favourable
Bacteria
Temperature between 10 degress and 20 degrees
pH - 6.5 to 7.0
Water activity below 0.91
Fungi
Temperature - 25 degress and 30 degrees
pH - 5.0 - 6.0
Archaea
Temperature above 30 degrees
pH from 2.5 and 3.5