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THE SOUND PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE, th, bounce-e1377589950895, phonics-2_ver_1…
THE SOUND PATTERNS OF LANGUAGE
PHONEMES
Is an abstract phonological unit
They are not sounds, but models or ideal types of sounds.
They are mental abstractions or formal abstractions of speech sounds.
Is an indivisible phonological unit
Cannot be broken down into smaller units
It is composed of several phonic elements called distinctive features.
Is an differentiating phonological unit
Each phoneme is delimited within the system by qualities that distinguish it from the others.
It is the bearer of a special meaningful intention.
PRONUNCIATION
OF MORPHEMES
The english plural morpheme has three different pronunciations depending of what noun you attach it to:
Sometimes certain morphemes are pronounced differently depending on their context.
Each morpheme in a language has variations of pronunciation
It gets pronounced as a [z] for words like cab, bag, and bar
It gets pronounced as [s] for words like cap, back, and faith
It gets pronounced as [əz] for words like bus, garage, and match.
To help distinguish the phonological environment of the words that take the [-s], [-z], and [-ez] allomorphs, minimal pairs can be used.
ALLOPHONE
They do not change the meaning of a word.
They are realizations, pronunciations or variants, which can have the same phoneme.
They have the same distinctive characteristics as phonemes.
They are usually conditioned according to the context:
Complementary distribution
Free variation
They represent the actual pronunciations of a phoneme.
MINIMAL PAIRS
They are used to demonstrate that two phones are two separate phonemes in the language
A particular minimal pair in one accent may be a pair of homophones in another
If only one letter of the word is different, the meaning will be totally different.
A pair of words that have only one distinct sound.
It's not about the spelling, it's about the sounds.
PHONES
It has patterns that determine the phoneme inventory.
It has a typical duration in which we can divide the sound sequence.
Are the phonetic sounds that occur in the language.
It has two modes of articulation:
Occlusives: They have greater air flow when exiting.
Fricatives: Air passes through a narrow space.
They are measurable physical realizations subject to systematic variability and accidental variability.
