Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

LIBRARIES, (GROUP 1), GROUP 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Public Libraries Committee
        
        proved by Chetham librarian's 1849 parliamentray testimoy
        
        inquiring into the provision of public access to books
        
        shows significant changes in attitudes about reading of ordinary people
    - - Libraries as public institutions
        
        public in a very limited sense
        
        poor maintenance
        
        collections were little use or interest to ordinary readers
        
        Example: Chetham's Library in Manchester
        oldest public library in Britain, founded in 1653 by Humphrey Chetham
- - - - British Museum Library in London
        
        Created in 1753 as part of the British Museum
        
        best- loved buildings: Reading Room and Iron Library
      - Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris
        
        Created in 1789, was the Royal Library
      - Library of Congress in U.S.
        
        Created in 1800 by John Adams (the 2nd President of the U.S.)
        
        In 1815, Thomas Jefferson offered his personal collections of 6500 volumes for $24,000 to replace the lost volumes from fire
- - - - the origin of publicly supported and accessible libraries
        relied on donated books and monetary donations
      - The Great Library of Alexandria
        
        a royal library established in 300 BCE
        
        contained 500,000 scrolls and codices
        
        leads to development like alphabetical organization, labelling, grammar, lexicography, commentaries and criticism
    - - Private Library of the Villa of Papyri
        
        buried with Pompeii in CE 79 by the eruption of Vesuvius
        
        Small room with eye level shelves
        
        freestanding bookcases
      - Public Library
        
        Libraries of Emperors
        
        Examples:
        
        Library of the emperor Augustus in 28 BCE
        
        Library of the emperor Trajan in CE 112
        
        Characteristics
        
        Room/area divisions
        
        Scrolls with identifying tags out towards the readers
        
        Movable wooden steps
        
        Specific for Library of the emperor Trajan
        
        Metal screens between supporting columns
        
        20,000 scrolls
        
        Public Library as part of other public complexes
      - The Vatican Library
        
        14th CE
        Pope Nicholas V, and Sixtus established reading rooms in new library building
        Examples: Bibliotheca Graeca, Bibliotheca Secreta, Bibliotheca Pontificia
        
        16-18th CE
        
        Expanded as new additions major collection secular and sacred works
        
        Creation of Museums
        a result of new additions of treasured objects
        eamples: Museo Sacro, Museo Profano
        
        Early 19th CE
        
        Transformed into a National Library allow for further expansions
        
        New reading room created by Leo XII
        
        appearance of card and printed catalogues
        
        19th CE to Present
        
        in the 1950s, began to microfilming manuscripts
        
        now has collection of over 180,000 manuscripts, 1.6 million printed books, 9,00 incunabula and coins, medals, prints, drawings, and photographs
    - - Results in a decline in literacy and book culture in Europe
        
        Most survived libraries are medieval monastic libraries associated with nobility, manosteries
        
        Most religious communities emphasised in collecting of Bibles and Christian texts
        
        Exception of Vivarium, founded by Cassiodorus in southern Italy, contains all kinds of texts
        
        Institutiones
        Cassiodorus's book of guidelines
      - Reappearance of public libraries in Europe 1000 years later
        Italian Renaissance princes and partons amass books and build monuments to learning for themselves
        
        Vespasiano da Bisticci
        
        The Florentine scholar and bookseller
        
        15th CE Italian consultant to book collections and libraries
        
        mentioned "appetite" for books
        
        Contributions:
        
        create the finest library since ancient times
        
        ctrate systematic, all-embracing collecting principles