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PHONOLOGY :loud_sound:, images - Coggle Diagram
PHONOLOGY
:loud_sound:
Allophones
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Examples
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/t/
Dental
/t/ -- width :check: [t̪]
Affricated
/t/ -- trick :check: [tʃ]
/l/
De-voiced
-- clay: [kʰl̥eɪː] :check:
[l̥]
Fully voiced
-- early: [ɜːlɪ] :check: [l]
/b/
Fully voiced
-- ball: /bɔl/ :check: [b]
De-voiced
-- nib /nɪb/:check: [b̥]
Past form /ed/
‘colored’:check: [d]
watched :check: [t]
‘decided’ :check: [id]
/k/
Unaspirated following a /s/ consonant [k]
Skin: [skɪn] :check: [k]
Aspirated [kʰ]
Kin: [kʰɪn] :check: [kʰ]
Characteristics
:green_book:
They are the distinct variations of a phoneme
The same phoneme may sound different depending on the context
Allophones is the phonetic realization of a phoneme (Ashworth, 2014)
Different phonetically
Aspiration
Voicing
Point of artculation
Phonemes
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Examples
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window: /w/ /i/ /n/ /d/ /o/ /w/ (6 phonemes)
also: /a/ /l/ /s/ /o/ (4 phonemes)
sound; /s/ /o/ /u/ /n/ /d/ (5 phonemes)
swan: /s/ /w/ /a/ /n/ (4 phonemes)
cat: /c/ /a/ /t/ (3 phonemes)
Characteristics
:blue_book:
They are represented between two slashes Ex: /p/
It's the smalest unit of sound
Abstract representation of speech sound
Minimal Pairs
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Characteristics
:blue_book:
A couple of words that differs in one phoneme
Differs in one sound in the same place
The words have different meaning
Examples
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bank /bæŋk/ - bunk /bʌŋk/
food /fuːd/ - foot /fʊt/
think /θɪŋk/ - thing /θɪŋ/
cry /krɑɪ/ - dry /drɑɪ/
budge /bʌdʒ/ - badge /bædʒ/
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Pronunciation of morphemes
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Characteristics
Morpheme: Word of part a word
We pronunce using phonology knowledge
Use rules to explain variations in pronunciation
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Examples
Ed sound
Verbs finish in dull sounds c, k, p, ch, ck, gh -- :check: /t/ liked
Sonorous sounds b, g, i, l, m, n, r, v :check: /d/ loaned
Verbs finish in d or t :check: /id/ rented
Plural sounds
Voiceless /s/: t --- hats
Voiced /z/: m --- dreams
Sibilant /iz/: sh --- dishes
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Phones
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Characteristics
Unit sound of a language (Coxhead, 2006)
It's a term for speech sound
We use brackets for phones [k]
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Examples
[m]
[p]
[k]
[u]
[f]
