Carbon Neutrality
Hydrometallurgy vs Pyrometallurgy
Renewable Energy 
Carbon output = carbon input
less use of coal
Carbon capture
alternative process (hydrometallurgy)
is not applicable to all metals
energy from biomass
where can hydromet be used as alternative to pyromet in the Philippines
Strategy
Macro (policy-level) + Micro (specific solution)
Decarbonization of Steel Production (MIRDC + MGB)
makethefuture.shell/en-gb/shell-eco-marathon/2021-programme/virtual-programme-2021/pitch-the-future/meet-the-teams/alamatup
direct iron reduction
blast furnace with blast furnace gas processing
direct electrolysis of iron ore
hydrogen fuel
carbon capture and storage/disposal
10 minutes
Policy (ex. Clean Air Act)
Feasible, business-oriented
Technological-readiness level (preferred TRL 4 and above or with published works)
Storyboard/Matrix
Contact people from industry/company (client) > propose a solution to the problems of the industry (knowhow) > contact with proponents of the solution (knowwho) > interview with client
Venture > know who > knowhow
Target company/solution
Nickel for EVs
(nickel is one of the components of hydrogen electrolyzers)
High Value recycling
Knowing Carbon footprint (macro or micro)
Philippines' pledge on Paris Agreement
Philippines and its CO2 profile (ref: https://ourworldindata.org/co2/country/philippines)
in 2019. distribution of carbon emission in ph (based on fuel used)
philippine economy is still reliant on downstream and upstream processes that produce/emit co2 (correlation between the inc in GDP wrt consumption-based and production-based co2 emission)
CO2 emission distribution (based on sector)
ph is one of the leading producers of nickel in the world
Metallurgical Processes in the Philippines
Metal (copper,gold,REE) concentration
Flotation
Gravity Concentration
Comminution
Hydrometallurgical Processes
Gold cyanidation and adsorption
Pyrometallurgical Processes
HPAL
EAF (steelmaking from scarp iron)
Induction furnace steel making
copper smelting
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Philippine Metallurgical Industry
50 metallic mines (11 gold mines, 3 copper mines, 29 nickel mines, 4 chromite mines and 3 iron mine)
5 processing plants (2 gold processing plants, 2 nickel processing plants and 1 copper smelter plant)
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Didipio Copper Gold (OceanaGold Philippines): copper, gold, silver (FTAA)
Carmen and Lutopan (Carmen Copper Corporation): copper, gold, silver (MPSA
Coral Bay HPAL (Coral Bay Nickel): mixed nickel-cobalt sulphide (MPP)
Padcal Copper-Gold (Philex Mining): copper, gold, silver (MPSA)
Masbate Gold (Filminera Mining): gold, silver MPP
Taganito HPAL (Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation): mixed nickel-cobalt sulphide (MPP)
Mindanao Mineral Processing and Refining (Philsaga Mining Corporation/Mindanao Mineral Processing): gold, silver (MPP)
Cagdianao Nickel (Platinum Group Metals): nickel (MPSA)
Rio Tuba Nickel (Rio Tuba Nickel): nickel (MPSA)
Physical Metallurgy Industry
195 foundries (as of 2003)
Southeast Asia carbon capture and storage initiatives
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/31122/carbon-capture-storage-southeast-asia.pdf
To supplement on the energy plan of PH: https://www.doe.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/announcements/1_Energy%20Situationer_19Aug2020.pdf
CO2 and other resource consumption when processing Nickel: https://nickelinstitute.org/media/4809/lca-nickel-metal-final.pdf