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Types of Assessments By Amanda Hunt, John-Henry McGilligan, and Madison…
Types of Assessments By Amanda Hunt, John-Henry McGilligan, and Madison Conger
Performance Assessments
What is it?
Performance assessment, also known as alternative or authentic assessment, is a form of testing that requires students to perform a task rather than select an answer from a ready-made list. In other words, a performance assessment is a test in which the test taker actually demonstrates the skills the test is intended to measure by doing real-world tasks that require those skills, rather than by answering questions asking how to do them.
Examples:
- Open-ended or extended response exercises are questions or other prompts that require students to explore a topic orally or in writing. Students might be asked to describe their observations from a science experiment, or present arguments an historic character would make concerning a particular proposition. For example, what would Abraham Lincoln argue about the causes of the Civil War?
- Extended tasks are assignments that require sustained attention in a single work area and are carried out over several hours or longer. Such tasks could include drafting, reviewing, and revising a poem; conducting and explaining the results of a science experiment on photosynthesis; or even painting a car in auto shop.
- Portfolios are selected collections of a variety of performance-based work. A portfolio might include a student's "best pieces" and the student's evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of several pieces. The portfolio may also contain some "works in progress" that illustrate the improvements the student has made over time.
Other Examples:
- Composing a few sentences in an open-ended short response
- Developing a thorough analysis in an essay
- Conducting a laboratory investigation
- Completing an original research paper.
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Diagnostic Assessments
What is it?
A diagnostic assessment is used to collect data on what students already know about the topic. Diagnostic assessments are tools that assess a learner’s current knowledge base or current views on a topic/issue to be studied in the course.
They are often used pre- and post-instruction, where students are given identical pre- and post-tests before and after the course. This method allows instructors and students to chart their learning progress by comparing pre- and post-tests results.
Examples:
The goal is to get a snapshot of where students currently stand - intellectually, emotionally or ideologically - allowing the instructor to make sound instructional choices as to how to teach the new course content and what teaching approach to use. Some methods for doing this include:
- Written assessments used to determine prior knowledge
- Phonological awareness exercises
- Surveys
- Sight word lists
- Checklists for students and families
- Informal writing tasks, such as journal writing on a topic
- KWL charts
- Pre-tests
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Summative Assessments
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What is a Summative AssessmentSummative assessments are assessments used to evaluate what the student has learned. This occurs typically at the end/conclusion of a unit or project.Summative assessments can be a snap shot at a students performance. Summative assessments can be misleading if students are having a difficult day or struggle with standardized assessments.A summative assessment provide results which can be recorded as grades and/or used on report cards. Summative assessments can be:
- Chapter tests
- Unit tests
- Standardized tests
-Student Portfolios
- Projects
Summative assessments can give educators, parents, and students a look at long term progress in certain subject areas. Summative assessments can help educators, parents, and students identify areas of struggle and provide opportunity to support the student in those specific areas.Summative assessments can help the public by reporting state assessment scores and graduation rates.Summative assessments can be a controversial topic.
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Formative assessments
What is it?
The purpose of formative assessment is to monitor pupil learning style and ability, to provide ongoing feedback and allow educators to improve and adjust their teaching methods and for students to improve their learning.
Examples
Most formative assessment strategies are quick to use and should fit easily into the teaching process. The information is rarely marked or graded. Descriptive feedback can be used to let students know whether they have mastered an outcome or whether they require more practice.
- In-class discussions
- Think, Pair, Share
- Low-stakes group work
- Weekly quizzes
- Exit slips
- Journals
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Assessment of, as, and for learning
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Examples
AFL involves both summative and formative assessments. The five main processes are:
1: Questioning the student, to find out what level they are at.
2:The teacher then has to provide feedback to each student on how to improve their learning.
3: The students will then try to understand how to be successful for whatever task they are doing.
4: Students will be more independent in their learning, doing self-assessments and taking part in peer assessments.
5: Finally, Summative assessments such as exams or portfolios will be used to formatively help them improve.
What is it?
Assessment for learning (AFL) is an approach to teaching and learning that creates feedback for students and teachers in order to improve learning and guide students on their next steps. AFL is focused on the teacher and student understanding three key things.
1: Where the learner is going.
2: Where the learner is now.
3: How can the learner get there?
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