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Plant and Animal Responses - Coggle Diagram
Plant and Animal Responses
Migration and Homing
Migration is a round trip. Moving from one area where breeding occurs to one where it doesn't.
Homing is an animals ability to find home
Innate behavior
Orientation Responses
Kinesis:
non-directional change in the rate of activity
Tropism:
directional growth responses
Nastic:
Responses of plants to diffuse stimuli not from any specific direction
Taxes:
movement of whole animal either towards or away from stimuli
Thigmo, Chemo, Photo, Geo and Hydro
Photoperiodism
In some plants night length determines when they flower
Critical Noctoperiod:
length of continuous darkness required for plant to flower
Critical Day Length
Short Day Plants:
Flowering occurs during long nights, photoperiod below critical day length
Long Day Plants:
Flowering occurs during short nights. Photoperiod exceeds critical day length
Day-Neutral Plants:
Flower independent of day length
Phytochrome:
Pigment responsible for this. Two types: P(r) and P (fr)
Intraspecific Relationships
Antagonistic
Organisms working against each other. To one or both of their disadvantage
Occurs when resources ( food, mates, nesting sites) are limited, demand exceeds supply
Territory and Home Range
Territory:
A defined area which animals defend against animals of same and or different species
Home Range:
Larger area which animal seldom leaves. Overlaps with territory
Defending Territory
Signposts:
Advertise a territory ( Auditory, Visual )
Displays:
Ritualized Aggression
Fighting:
Last resort, most dangerous
Hierarchy
Group of Individuals with dominant and submissive relationships. Can be either linear or complex
Cooperative
Reproduction:
Courtship:
Vocalizations, Pheromones, Physical Contact, Visual Displays
Mating:
Monogamy, Polygyny, Polyandry, Polygynandry
Gestation/Incubation
Parental Care
Types:
Solitary, Family Groups and Complex Societies
Biological Rhythms
Endogenous
: Controlled by internal clock
Exogenous:
Controlled by external environmental factors
Circadian (24 hours) ( Sleep, Eat) , Circalunar ( 29 days) (Ovulate), Circannual (365 days) (Flowering) Circa tidal (12.9 hours) (Feeding)
Circadian Rhythms:
Diurnal, Nocturnal and Crepuscular
Interspecific Relationships
Mutualism
Competition
Commensalism
Exploitation
Predation
Herbivory
Parasitism
Plant and Animal defenses
Chemical:
Bitter taste, Bad smells, Poison
Physical:
Spines, Waxy leaves, Thorns
Camouflage
Mimicry
Phototropism
Hormone called Auxin is produced in plant shoot. Light detected in tip of shoot. Auxin moves from light side of shoot to dark side. Auxin causes cells to elongate. Elongation of cells on dark side causes plant to bend towards light
